Chapter 9 - Perceptual Distortions Flashcards

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1
Q

Fallibility

A

the quality of being prone to error or experiencing difficulties in judgement

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2
Q

Perceptual distortion

A

an error in the judgement or interpretation of sensory stimuli

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3
Q

Visual illusion

A

the perception of a visual stimulus that conflicts with how it is in physical reality

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4
Q

What causes visual illusions?

A
  • something in our external environment (moon looks bigger closer to the horizon)
  • something physiological (after a bright light)
  • something psychological (biased reasoning)
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5
Q

Example of visual illusion

A

Ames room
- Looks like a normal shaped room but is not, it’s longer in one corner, but you cannot see that so the people inside look very big and very small

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6
Q

Agnosia

A

a disorder involving the loss or impairment of the ability to recognise familiar stimuli through the use of one or more senses, despite the senses functioning normally otherwise

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7
Q

Supertasters

A

individuals who have significantly low thresholds for taste stimuli and an unusually high number of taste buds

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8
Q

Miraculin

A

a type of protein extracted from the ‘miracle berry’ which alters taste perception in humans

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9
Q

How does miraculin work?

A

Miraculin binds to the taste buds that are responsible for detecting sweet flavours and activates them when an acidic environment is created in the mouth

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10
Q

Synaesthesia

A

a perceptual phenomenon characterised by the experience of unusual perceptions in one sensory system after another sensory system has been activated

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11
Q

Characteristics of synaesthesia *5

A
  • it’s relatively common
  • automatic and cannot be controlled
  • generally one-way
  • usually consistent
  • unique to the person
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12
Q

Forms of synaesthesia

A

grapheme-colour = sees colours when looking at a word/number
sound-colour = sees colours when hearing a sound
lexical-gustatory = tastes something when they read a word

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13
Q

Proposed explanations for synaesthesia

A

Don’t know! But…
- sensitivity to neural associations
- lack of synaptic pruning
- structurally unique brain

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14
Q

Spatial neglect

A

an inability to perceive, report, or orient sensory information located within one side of space

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15
Q

Ways to test for spatial neglect *3

A
  • line bisection test (will put it a quarter of the way along not half way)
  • target cancellation (will only do half)
  • copying tasks (will only draw half)
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