RLE: CASE PRES MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

occurs when the parietal or visceral pleura is breached and the pleural space is exposed to positive atmospheric pressure

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the pressure in the pleural space is

A

negative or subatmospheric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

are the two most common conditions that contribute to COPD

A

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is a condition in which the alveoli at the end of the smallest air passages (bronchioles) of the lungs are destroyed as a result of damaging exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating gasses and particulate matter.

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of pneumothorax include:

A

Simple
Traumatic
Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It occurs when air enters the pleural space through a breach of either the parietal or visceral pleura. Most commonly this occurs as air enters the pleural space through bronchopleural fistula

A

Simple or spontaneous Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Occurs when air escapes from a laceration in the lung itself and enters the pleural space or from a wound in the chest wall

A

Traumatic Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Occurs when air is drawn into the pleural space from a lacerated lung or through a small opening or wound in the chest wall.

A

Tension Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S/s of Pneumothorax

A

Shortness of breath due to inability to fully expand the lungs during inspiration.
Pleuritic pain of sudden onset
Acute respiratory distress
Absent breath sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nursing Management
of pneumthorax

A

Promote early detection through assessment and identification of high-risk population.
Assist in chest tube insertion; maintain chest drainage or water-seal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medical management of pneumothorax depends on its cause and severity. The goal of treatment is to

A

to evacuate the air or blood from the pleural space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when an infection leads to dangerously low blood pressure and organ dysfunction. It is the most severe form of sepsis, a condition in which the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues and organs.

A

Septic shock is a life-threatening medical condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This type of shock is caused by a decrease in blood volume, which can be due to hemorrhage, dehydration, or plasma loss

A

Hypovolemic shock:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This type of shock is caused by a failure of the heart to pump blood effectively.

A

Cardiogenic shock:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This type of shock is caused by a blockage in the blood vessels, such as a pulmonary embolism or cardiac tamponade.

A

Obstructive shock:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This type of shock is caused by a problem with the blood vessels that causes them to dilate, which reduces blood pressure.

A

Distributive shock:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This type of shock is caused by a severe infection, accompanied by hypotension

A

Septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

his type of septic shock occurs within hours to days of the onset of infection. It is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

A

Early septic shock:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This type of septic shock occurs days to weeks after the onset of infection. It is characterized by SIRS, hypotension, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

A

Late septic shock:

20
Q

In addition to these two main types, septic shock can also be classified according to its severity:

A

Mild
moderate
severe

21
Q

This type of septic shock is characterized by hypotension that responds to adequate fluid resuscitation

A

Mild septic shock

22
Q

This type of septic shock is characterized by hypotension that does not respond to adequate fluid resuscitation, but does respond to vasopressors

A

Moderate septic shock

23
Q

This type of septic shock is characterized by hypotension that does not respond to adequate fluid resuscitation or vasopressors.

A

Severe septic shock:

24
Q

Signs & Symptoms septic shock: TAO HOT

A

Tachypnea: Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute
Oliguria: Urine output less than 30 mL per hour
Altered mental status: Confusion, delirium, or coma

Hypotension: Blood pressure lower than 90/60 mmHg
Other signs and symptoms: Fever, chills, sweating, cold extremities,
Tachycardia: Heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute

25
Q

Septic shock can also cause organ dysfunction, which can lead to additional symptoms, such as:

LKL CC

A

Lung dysfunction: Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, respiratory failure
Kidney dysfunction: Decreased urine output, acute renal failure
Liver dysfunction: Jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy
Cardiac dysfunction: Heart failure, arrhythmias
Coagulopathy: Bleeding disorders

26
Q

Nursing Management of Septic shock

A

Nursing Management
Early assessment and recognition of septic shock
Prompt initiation of fluid resuscitation
Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics
Hemodynamic support with vasoactive medications
Ensuring adequate oxygenation and respiratory support
Implementing infection control measures
Providing nutritional support

27
Q

Medical Management
Septic shock FAVO

A

Fluid resuscitation
Antibiotics:
Vasoactive medications:
Other supportive measures:

28
Q

used in septic shock include norepinephrine, vasopressin, and epinephrine.

A

Vasoactive medications

29
Q

are administered as soon as possible to target the suspected or proven pathogen. Once the culture results and sensitivities

A

Antibiotics

30
Q

medical condition characterized by a simultaneous reduction in two essential components of the blood: red blood cells,white blood cells and platelets. Hematologically, it signifies a significant imbalance that can have far-reaching consequences on an individual’s health

A

Bicytopenia

31
Q

This condition can manifest in various ways, leading to anemia, which results from decreased red blood cells, and leukopenia, stemming from decreased white blood cells,

A

Bicytopenia

32
Q

a condition that occurs when the platelet count in your blood is too low. Platelets are tiny blood cells that are made in the bone marrow from larger cells. When you are injured, platelets stick together to form a plug to seal your wound.

A

Thrombocytopenia

33
Q

Types of bicytopenia: AAT

A

Anemia and Thrombocytopenia
Anemia and Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia

34
Q

This combination features a decrease in the number of red blood cells (anemia) and a reduction in the number of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), which can lead to problems with blood clotting and bleeding. When both anemia and thrombocytopenia occur together in an individual, it is considered bicytopenia.

A

Anemia and Thrombocytopenia

35
Q

This type of bicytopenia involves a reduction in both red blood cells (anemia) and white blood cells (leukopenia). Anemia leads to a decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and paleness. Leukopenia lowers the body’s ability to fight infections, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses.

A

Anemia and Leukopenia

36
Q

In this type, the individual experiences a decrease in white blood cells (leukopenia) along with a decrease in platelets (thrombocytopenia). Thrombocytopenia reduces the blood’s ability to clot properly, leading to a risk of bleeding or easy bruising, while leukopenia weakens the immune system’s defense against infections.

A

Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia

37
Q

Signs and Symptoms
of bicyto: FUPE

A

Frequent Infection
Unexplained Bruising
Petechiae
Enlarged Spleen

38
Q

Nursing Management
Bicytopenia

A

aimed at addressing the dual challenges of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia as well as the underlying causes

39
Q

Medical Management
The medical management for patients with bicytopenia

BIHAT

A

Treatment of Underlying Cause
Blood Transfusions
Immunosuppressive Therapy
Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Antibiotics

40
Q

rare and serious blood disorder characterized by the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells, leading to hemoglobinuria

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

41
Q

Medical management of PNH primarily involves addressing the underlying pathophysiology

A

eculizumab,
blood transfusions
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

42
Q

Ampicillin computation

A

wt x 100 divided by 2 then Q/S = D

43
Q

Gentamicin formula

A

wt x 5 x 2 / stock dose

44
Q

Stock doses of Gentamicin

A

40, 80, 20 mg/ 2ml

45
Q

Stock doses of Amoxicicillin

A

1000 mg / 5 ml
500 mg / 3ml
200 mg / 2ml