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vtt 214 - lab animal > pt 15 (reptiles) > Flashcards

pt 15 (reptiles) Flashcards

1
Q

4 unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of reptiles and amphibians

A
  • 3 chambered heart
  • cloaca
  • ectothermic (can’t regulate own temp)
  • can see UV light
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2
Q

POTZ

A

preferred optimal temperature zone; range of temps in which it can maintain health bodily function

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3
Q

4 anatomical and physiological characteristics of amphibians only

A
  • require water for reproduction
  • vascularized skin with many mucous glands
  • eggs laid in water - egg fertilization often external
  • transdermal oxygen exchange
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4
Q

how can you tell the sex of snakes, lizards, and turtles

A

dimorphic
snakes and lizards have hemi-penese

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5
Q

what is unusual about snake anatomy

A
  • one functional lung (right)
  • can dis-articulate skull bones
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6
Q

what is the top shell of a turtle called? bottom shell?

A

carapace; plastron

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7
Q

RBCs in reptiles

A

heterophils and azurophils

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8
Q

azurophil

A

increase in bacterial infections

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9
Q

what causes most ailments in R+A

A

poor husbandry

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10
Q

do all R+A have the same husbandry requirements

A

no

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11
Q

5 major things that have to be included in proper housing for a reptile

A

POTZ
full spectrum lighting
hides
water
substrates

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12
Q

correct lighting for a reptile

A

UVA/UVB

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13
Q

how often should UV bulbs be replaced

A

every 6 months

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14
Q

which types of R+A are less likely to require UV light

A

carnivores

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15
Q

why should light and basking sources be separate in most cases

A

most use morning sun to raise temperature

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16
Q

how do you set up a thermal gradient

A
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17
Q

you have 2 bearded dragons in a cage - how many hides should you have

A

multiple - both ends of POTZ

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18
Q

how is a humidity chamber constructed

A
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19
Q

4 ways water can be provided for R+A

A

soaking
misting/fogging
drip systems
fountains
swimming areas

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20
Q

3 needs for water other than drinking

A

bathing

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21
Q

what type of water should be provided to amphibians

A
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22
Q

what product should not be used as a substrate for R+A

A

no phenol containing wood products

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23
Q

what are some important needs the animal has that are related to the correct substrate

A

regulate body temp, hydration, egg laying

24
Q

what disease could a reptile get from the substrate and how to prevent it

A
25
Q

what is the hazard of feeding live prey - what is another disadvantage

A

can injure animal; often have poor Ca:P

26
Q

ovivorous

A
27
Q

gut loading? are you loading the gut of the R/A or prey? why is it done?

A

feeding prey a diet high in calcium and vitamins for 24 hours before using them as food; for supplements

28
Q

what nutrients are commonly supplemented

A

Ca, D, A

29
Q

when ordering feed insects, what 2 things should be considered

A
30
Q

why is topical administration of medications common in amphibians

A

transdermal absorption

31
Q

3 ways to administer PO medications

A
  • gavage/stomach tube/syringe
  • hide/inject into prey
  • powders or liquids to food surface
32
Q

renal port system and how does it affect administering medication

A

blood returning back to the heart goes through the kidney; can cause nephrotoxicity or change pharmacokinetics of drug

33
Q

why are herps often medicated every third day rather than SID

A

slower metabolism

34
Q

chelonian

A

turtles

35
Q

coelome

A

the main body cavity

36
Q

what drug is toxic to turtles and tortoises

A

ivermectin

37
Q

how should you alter the housing of sick R+A

A

higher environmental temp

38
Q

why is gas anesthetic induction problematic in reptiles

A
39
Q

what do you have to do to maintain a reptile on gas anesthetic

A
40
Q

why is an ECG unreliable for monitoring reptile anesthesia

A
41
Q

is it ok to euthanize a reptile by putting it in the freezer

A
42
Q

which reptiles get hypovitaminosis A? signs? tx?

A

chelonians and chameleons

43
Q

NSP and another name for it

A

nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism; metabolic bone disease

44
Q

3 possible causes of NSP

A
  • improper Ca:P ratio
  • inadequate vit D3
  • high fat or oxalates interfere with Ca absorption
  • inadequate heat
45
Q

what is the relationship between vitamin D3, UV light, calcium

A
46
Q

ideal ratio of Ca:P

A

2:1

47
Q

crickets are too high in

A

P

48
Q

what are some symptoms of NSP

A
  • bone deformity, features, soft shell, jaw, egg binding
  • leg swelling, paralysis, difficulty lifting body
  • muscle tremors
  • death if not treated
49
Q

how is NSP treated

A
  • fix deficient husbandry
  • calcium and vit D supplements
  • injections
  • fix fractures
50
Q

what animals are most at risk for NSP

A

herbivores and insectivores fed non-Ca supplemented crickets

51
Q

ectdiesis

A

shedding

52
Q

tx for problems with ectdiesis and prevention of those problems

A
  • fix humidity
  • soak in water if incomplete shedding
  • soak or apply mineral oil to eye for retained eye caps
53
Q

4 things related to husbandry that can cause medical issues in amphibians

A
  • water quality
  • humidity levels
  • sphagnum moss creates low pH
  • freezing substrates kill infectious organisms
  • disinfect humidifiers
54
Q

which group of parasites are common in amphibians

A

protozoans

55
Q

why is it illegal to ship baby turtles for sales as pets

A
56
Q

fecal culture is done to screen for and proactively treat

A

vtt 214 - lab animal (33 decks)

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