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Reproductive Sonography > Prostate A&P > Flashcards

Prostate A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prostate gland

A

Walnut-sized gland between bladder and penis

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2
Q

The prostate is what kind of organ and how long does it measure

A

Fibromuscular organ
3 cm in length

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3
Q

The prostate surrounds the

A

Neck or bladder and urethra

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4
Q

What 2 structures pass through the prostate gland

A

Urethra and ejaculator ducts

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5
Q

The urethra runs through the ___ of the prostate

A

Center

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6
Q

What does the vas deferens do

A

Bring sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicles

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7
Q

What do the seminal vesicles contribute

A

Fluid to semen during ejaculation

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8
Q

What does the prostate secrete

A

Milky and alkaline fluid that nourishes and protects sperm

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9
Q

The prostate fluid contains chemicals that make

A

Semen more liquidy so that sperm can swim more freely

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10
Q

What is the average amount of semen released during ejaculation is between - ml

A

2-5 ml

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11
Q

What are the 3 zones of the prostate gland

A

Central zone
Peripheral zone
Transition zone

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12
Q

This zone of the prostate occupies __% of the gland

A

25%

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13
Q

The central zone consists of _____ glands which open directly into

A

Mucosal glands
Directly into the urethra

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14
Q

This zone of the prostate occupies __% and also the major site for _____

A

Peripheral
70%
Major site for prostatic cancer

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15
Q

Glands in the peripheral zone opens into the ____ via the ___ ducts

A

Urethra via the long ducts

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16
Q

This zone of the prostate is the site where most benign prostatic hyperplasia originates

A

Transition zone

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17
Q

Glands of the transitional zone of the prostate are _____ and they open into the ____ via ____ ducts

A

Submucosal
Urethra via short ducts

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18
Q

This is the most superior part of the prostate gland

A

Base

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19
Q

The base of the prostate is __cm portion of this gland

A

1cm

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20
Q

The base of the prostate lies

A

Against and continuous with bladder neck

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21
Q

Anterior to the base of the prostate is the

A

Symphysis pubis

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22
Q

This is the most inferior portion of the prostate gland

A

Apex

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23
Q

The apex of the prostate is ____ cm portion of the gland

A

0.5cm

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24
Q

Where is the apex of the prostate lies

A

Infertiot to the upper surface of the urogenital diaphragm

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25
Q

What is the space between the base and apex called

A

Mid-gland

26
Q

The peripheral zone is separated from the other 2 zones by a

A

Capsule

27
Q

The central zone extends from the

A

Base to narrowing at the verumontanum

28
Q

What is the verumontnum

A

Enterance of seminal vesicle

29
Q

Where is the central zone located

A

Base of prostate

30
Q

In the central zone the inward extension of ______ space composed of

A

Extraprostatic space, losse connective tissue

31
Q

Where is the site where the seminal vesicles and/or ejaculatory ducts enter the central zone

A

Extraprostatic space

32
Q

Extraprostatic space is devoid of

A

Prostatic capsule

33
Q

Where does the centra zone terminate

A

Proximal urethra near the verumontanum

34
Q

Which zone do benign prostatic hyperplasia usually originate

A

Transitional zone

35
Q

What is the main function of the prostate

A

Secrete milky & alkaline fluids that nourishes and protects sperm

36
Q

The fluid from the prostate forms the main bulk of

A

Ejaculation

37
Q

The vas deferens bring sperm form ___ to ___ ___

A

Testes to seminal vesicles

38
Q

The seminal vesicles contribute

A

Fluid to semen during ejaculation

39
Q

2 small pea-sized exocrine glands

A

Bulbourethral gland

40
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located

A

Behind and lateral to urehtra at base of penis

41
Q

The bulbourethral gland releases ____ to lubricate the ____ to allow ____ to pass through.
Bulbourethral glands helps flush out any _____ urine or ____ matter and reduces ____

A

Release fluid to lub urethra to allow sperm to pass through
Residual, foreign, reduces acidity of urethra

42
Q

Where does the arterial supply of the prostate gland comes from

A

Internal iliac artery
Inferior vesical artery
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery

43
Q

What is the venous drainage of the prostate gland form and drain

A

Veins form prostatic plexus
Drain into Interal iliac vein

44
Q

Lymphatics of the prostate gland drain in how many directions

A

3

45
Q

What are the directions of lymphatic drainage

A

Lymphatics from prostate
Lymphatics from dorsal region
Lymphatics from apex of prostate

46
Q

The lymphatics from the prostate gland mainy drain along the

A

Prostatic & internal iliac vessels into internal and common iliac lymph nodes

47
Q

The prostate gland receives sympathetic input via the
Parasympathetic input via the

A

S - Hypogastric nerve
P - Pelvic nerve

48
Q

What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Anterior

A

Symphysis pubis
Abdominal wall
Urethra enters near anterior wall

49
Q

What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Inferior

A

Perineum
Urogenital diaphragm

50
Q

What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Posterior

A

Rectum
Ejaculatory ducts enter posterior-superior

51
Q

What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Lateral

A

Levatr ani muscles

52
Q

What is the relational anatomy of the prostate:
Superior

A

Bladder

53
Q

What are the indications for an U/S test on the prostate

A

Trouble urinating
Blood in urine
Low sperm count

54
Q

What approaches can you take to look at the prostate

A

Transabdominal
Transrectal

55
Q

What is the sonographical appearance of the prostate

A

Homogenous, low-level echoes

56
Q

Acid phosphatase is found in

A

Prostate gland and semen in high concentrations

57
Q

When is acid phosphatase elevated

A

Carcinoma has spread beyond prostate capsule

58
Q

Alkaline phosphatase is produced by

A

Osteoblasts

59
Q

Enzyme whose purpose is to break down coagulated semen

A

Prostate specific antigen

60
Q

When is alkaline phosphatase elevated

A

Associated with bony metastases, not specific to prostate cancer

61
Q

When is PSA (Prostate specific antigen) elevated

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia
INfection
Carcinoma
High risk of cancer spread beyond prostate

Reproductive Sonography (9 decks)

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