Unit 3 Flashcards
The steps to Nunavut becoming a territory
1976 - the initial proposal to create Nunavut - Pierre Trudeau was the Prime Minister at the time and he was very educated (he was a Rhode Scholar)
1982 - the people of the North West Territories voted in favour of dividing the territories into 2 parts
1992-1993 - negotiations occur with the government of Canada for a comprehensive treaty to establish Nunavut
1993 - the final agreement is signed
1999 - Nunavut comes into existence on April 1st
2009 - the transition of full control by the Nunavut government is completed
self government
government of a country by its own people, especially after having been a colony
comprehensive treaty (modern treaties)
modern-day treaties made between Indigenous peoples and the federal government in areas where treaties were never signed
-are always about land
-hunting, fishing, and trapping rights
-financial compensation
-control of resources
the closest one is located in Hamilton
specific treaty
can be made where a comprehensive treaty already exists and is made because First Nations peoples feel that 1 or more terms of the original treaty were not met or were unfair
-not necessarily land related
population distribution
refers to the pattern of where people live in a region or country
-there are two main distribution patterns: dispersed and concentrated
population density
a mathematical calculation of the number of people that live in each square kilometre of land
survey system
a set of rules that control settlement land, size and shape of farms, future road patterns, town site locations, schools and churches
why were survey systems used?
the government planned out how, when, and where settlement would occur
Concession System of Southern Ontario
- agricultural resources similar to those found in Quebec
- settlement of Southern Ontario occurred after a survey system was already in place
- roads, and later, railways were available - access to major lakes and rivers was less important
- a variety of concession systems were used - roads were typically 2km apart and farms were 40-80 hectares in size
- groupings of concession blocks were called townships –> groups of townships were called counties
Sectional System of the Southern Prairies
- the Prairies were surveyed before major settlement occurred, using the section system that had been used in many areas of the United States
- it was very simple - the base line was the Canada-US border at 49 degrees North latitude
- it was divided into blocks 9.6km x 9.6km (94km2)
–> each block was then divided into 36 sections
–> each of which were divided into 4 lots called Quarter Sections (which were around 64 hectares in size) - the section system was originally built for the American Midwest which had substantially higher rainfall levels
- more successful farmers started to buy their neighbours’ farms - starting a process that became known as Farm Consolidation
Long Lots of Southern Quebec
- settled long before the development or railways and high-quality roads and before a survey system was in place
Most Important Influence:
–> agricultural resource
–> transportation was mainly by water
- long, thin farms were built along the St. Lawrence River and its tributaries
–> because each farm had to have access to the river for transportation - these farms were known as the long lots
- after the river lots were all taken, a second (maybe 3rd and 4th) row of long lots was settled along a road parallel to the river
demography
the study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues
net migration
the movement of large numbers of people from one place to another
immigrant
person who moves to a new country with the intentions of settling there
emigrant
to leave your country of origin and to live permanently in another country
birthrate
the number of births per thousand people
death rate
the number of deaths per thousand people
dependency load
portion of the population that is not the workforce; total number of people who are under 14 and over 65 years of age
