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Microbio 2302 > Ch. 16 Innate Immunity Part 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Innate Immunity Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is innate immunity?

A

in born; always present; nonspecific

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2
Q

what is the first line of dense?

A

intact skin

mucous membrane & their secretions

normal microbiota

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3
Q

what is the second line of defense?

A

Phagocytes ( neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells & macrophages)

Inflammation

Fever

Antimicrobial substances

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4
Q

what is the third line of defense?

A

specialized lymphocytes T cell and B cells

antibodies

stimulated by the presence of antigens

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5
Q

what do activated Toll-like receptors on host cells do?

A

recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns

induces the release of cytokines

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6
Q

what do cytokines do?

A

regulate immune response

activate macrophages

chemotactic effects

inflammatory response/ fever

activate T, B cells

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7
Q

what is the skin comprised of?
(physical factor)

A

comprised of epidermis & dermis; protective keratin layer on epidermis

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8
Q

what is a subcutaneous infection?

A

when skin is penetrated

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9
Q

what do mucous membranes do?

A

line GI, GU & respiratory tracts; epithelial & connective tissue layers

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10
Q

what does mucus do?

A

traps microbes moistens surfaces

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11
Q

what do tears and salvia do?

A

prevent the colonization of microbes

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12
Q

what do hair nose and cilia do?

A

trap microbes

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13
Q

what do the epiglottis, ear wax, and digestion do?

A

eliminates microbes

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14
Q

what are the chemical factors of skin?

A

sebum (oily secretion) forms a film on the skin

contains fatty acids & low pH

perspiration

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15
Q

what do fatty acids & low pH prevent?

A

colonization of pathogens

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16
Q

what is perspiration?

A

high salt
contain lysozyme ( found in tears Slavia)

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17
Q

what does your saliva contain?

A

lysozyme
urea
uric acid
antibody

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18
Q

what does your gastric stomach juice contain?

A

pH 1-3 due to HCL

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19
Q

what do your vaginal secretions contain?

A

acidic pH

20
Q

what does urine contain?

A

lysozyme
pH 6

21
Q

what does your normal microbiota do as 1st line of defense?

A

microbial antagonism, alteration of physical & chemical conditions

prevents colonization by pathogens

22
Q

describe neutrophils

A

phagocytic

active in the initial stages of infection

do the bulk of the work

can exit blood & enter infected tissue

23
Q

describe basophils

A

release components promoting

inflammatory & allergic responses (histamine)

24
Q

describe eosinophils

A

phagocytic

exit blood

release toxins

deal with the large multicellular pathogen

25
Q

what do monocytes differentiate into?

A

macrophages & dendritic cells in lymphatic tissue

26
Q

describe monocytes dendritic cells, & macrophages

A

phagocytic cell types

are also antigen-presenting cells ( work w/an adaptive immunity system)

27
Q

what are agranulotic leukocytes?

A

lymphocytes

Natural Killer Cells

T cells

B cells

28
Q

what are natural killer cells?

A

kill infected body cells & some tumor cells

recognize abnormalities in the plasma membrane

destroy host cells that are infected and cancerous those that lack MHC antigens

29
Q

what are T cells?

A

intracellular pathogens

modulate the specific immune response

30
Q

what are B cells?

A

extracellular pathogens

produce antibodies to bind antigens

31
Q

what does the binding of NK cells target?

A

stimulates the secretion of perforins ( inserts in the membrane of target cell causing lysis)

32
Q

what do natural killer cells release?

A

granzymes ( induce apoptosis in target cell)

33
Q

MHC Class II

A

antigen-presenting cells

macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells

34
Q

MHC Class I

A

nucleated mammalian cells

all other cells that are not class II are type I

35
Q

what does the lymphatic system do?

A

protect against inhaled ingested microbes

contain T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, & macrophages

36
Q

what is the process of phagocytosis?

A

chemotaxis - macrophages come to phagocytic cell

adherence - sticks to pathogen

ingestion- engulfing the pathogen

digestion-breaks it & lysis it

37
Q

what do monocytes & granulocytes do?

A

migrate to the site of infection

38
Q

monocytes differentiate into macrophages:

A

fixed; stay in one spot

Free; wandering or moving around

39
Q

granulocytes dominate when?

A

in the early stage of infection

40
Q

when do macrophages dominate?

A

predominate later

41
Q

what are chemotactic chemicals?

A

microbial products
components of damaged tissue
cytokines

42
Q

what is adherence?

A

adherence via PAMPS to toll-like receptors

release of cytokines

opsonization facilitates phagocytosis

target coated with serum proteins (opsonins), antibodies complement

43
Q

what happens during ingestion?

A

phagosome formation

44
Q

what happens during digestion?

A

fusion of phagosome with lysozyme

enzymatic digestion

production of oxygen radicals & peroxides

45
Q

what is phagocytosis enhanced by?

A

opsonization

46
Q

what is opsonization?

A

a combination of innate & immune responses

engulfment of capsulated bacteria via anti-capsular antibodies

phagocytic cells recognized & ingested bacteria

Microbio 2302 (15 decks)

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