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Histology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The smallest vessels that are sites of O2, CO2, nutrient, and waste product exchange

A

Capillaries

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2
Q

Process of blood bringing nutrients and oxygen to and removing wastes from tissues

A

Systematic circulation

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3
Q

These return proteins and fluids from tissue spaces all over body to the blood

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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4
Q

Atrioventricular valves are anchored in the hearts

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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5
Q

Ventricular papillary muscles are attached to the atrioventricular valves by

A

Chords tendinae

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6
Q

Myocardium is thicker in the

A

Ventricles

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7
Q

This structure holds AV valves shut during contractions of ventricles and prevent evertion

A

Chords tendinae

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8
Q

These structures do not have chorda tendinae and prevent back flow from arteries into ventricles

A

Semilunar valves

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9
Q

Which node is the pacemaker of the heart and initiates conduction

A

Sinoatrial node

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10
Q

After impulses travel to the AV node they continue to

A

Bundle of His (AV bundle)

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11
Q

The bundle of his branches into

A

Left and right branches along intraventricular septum, towards apex

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12
Q

Bundle branches subdivide into

A

Purkinje fibers

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13
Q

Purkinje fibers extend into

A

Myocardium of ventricles

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14
Q

This structure rapidly spreads impulses to ventricular muscles

A

Purkinje fibers

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15
Q

What type of tissue surrounds large Purkinje fibers

A

Subendocardial layer of connective

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16
Q

Modified cardiac muscle fibers specialized for impulse conduction rather than contraction

A

Large Purkinje fibers

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17
Q

Which ventricle is three times thicker, producing sufficient force to propel blood through the larger systemic circulation

A

Left ventricle

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18
Q

Visceral layer of pericardium, covered by simple mesothelium

A

Epicardium

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19
Q

Site of coronary vessels and adipose tissue

A

Epicardium

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20
Q

coronary vessels supply myocardium with

A

Oxygen and nutrients

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21
Q

Semipermeable barrier between blood and the interstitial fluid

A

Endothelial cells

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22
Q

Site where blood will not clot and secretes agents that control clot formation and smooth muscle contraction/relaxation

A

Nonthrombogenic surface

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23
Q

Smooth muscle cells are connected with gap junctions and permit vasoconstriction/vasodilation that is key for

A

Regulating overall blood pressure

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24
Q

Collagen fibers are found in

A

The subendothelial layer

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25
Q

Provide resiliency required for vascular wall to expand under pressure, forming parallel lamellae

A

Elastic fibers

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26
Q

3 concentric layers

A

Intima, media, and adventitia (externa)

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27
Q

Has a thicker media and narrow lumen

A

Artery

28
Q

Has a large lumen and thickest layer is the adventitia

A

Vein

29
Q

Intima of veins is folded to form

A

Valves

30
Q

Only has an endothelium and no other tunics

A

Capillaries

31
Q

Bring oxygen and nutrients to local cells in adventitia that are too far away from lumen

A

Vasa vasorum (vessels that supply vessels)

32
Q

The aorta, pulmonary artery, and their largest branches are examples of

A

Elastic arteries

33
Q

The major role of elastic arteries is to

A

Carry blood to smaller arteries

34
Q

Have a thick tunica media, elastic lamellae alternate with layers of smooth muscle fibers

A

Elastic arteries

35
Q

Two types of sensory receptors in walls of arteries

A

Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

36
Q

Monitor blood pressure changes, found in carotid sinuses and aortic arch

A

Baroreceptors

37
Q

Carotid sinuses and aortic arches send information to the brain through

A

The vagus nerve

38
Q

Monitor blood CO2 and O2 levels, as well as pH

A

Chemoreceptors

39
Q

Chemoreceptors contain what type of cells

A

Glomus

40
Q

As arteries get more distant from heart they contain less

A

Elastin, more smooth muscles

41
Q

Distribute blood to organs and help regulate blood pressure by stimulating smooth muscle

A

Muscular arteries

42
Q

Smallest artery branches that have 1 or 3 smooth muscle layers with no elastic laminate

A

Arterioles

43
Q

Where the exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid occur

A

Arterioles

44
Q

Capillaries lack

A

Media and adventitia tunics

45
Q

Capillaries have the smallest/slowest

A

Diameters, blood flow

46
Q

Capillaries are made of a simple layer of

A

Endothelial cells, surrounded by basement membrane

47
Q

Tissues with high metabolic rates like the kidneys and liver are abundant in

A

Capillaries

48
Q

Have tight junctions sealing clefts and requiring diffusion, found in muscle, connective tissue, and nervous tissue

A

Continuous capillaries (most common)

49
Q

Have perforations and allow for greater exchange, found in kidneys, endocrine organs, and intestinal walls

A

Fenestrated capillaries

50
Q

Have a wider diameters and discontinuities in endothelial cells/basement membrane, found in bone marrow, liver, and spleen

A

Sinusoid (discontinuous) capillaries

51
Q

Primary site for white blood cells to adhere to epithelium and leave the circulation at sites of infection/tissue damage

A
52
Q

Endothelial cells form valves from folds in the intima to prevent

A

Backflow of lymph

53
Q

Lymphatic vessels converge as two large trunks:

A

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

54
Q

Lymph is rich in and usually does not contain

A

Proteins, red blood cells

55
Q

Has lower mineral content and higher proportion of osteocytes

A

Woven bone

56
Q

Complex of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal that contains small blood vessels, nerves, and endosteum

A

Osteons

57
Q

Osteons make up most of the

A

Compact bone

58
Q

Osteocytes get nutrients and oxygen from

A

Blood vessels in the central canal though canaliculi

59
Q

Old bone is removed by

A

Osteoclasts

60
Q

new bone is formed by

A

Osteoblasts (in periosteum/endosteum)

61
Q

Forms fluorescent complexes with calcium at ossification sites

A

Tetracycline

62
Q

Ossification where osteoblasts differentiate directly from mesenchyme and secrete osteoid, most flat bones

A

Intramembraneous

63
Q

Ossification where pre-existing matrix of hyaline cartilage is eroded and invaded by osteoblasts, most bones especially long bones

A

Endochondral

64
Q

Longitudinal growth of a bone occurs by cell proliferation in the

A

Epiphyseal plate cartilage

65
Q

Joint with dense connective tissue and osteogenic cells

A

Synostoses

66
Q

Joint with only dense connective tissue (posterior region of SI/inferior tibiofibular)

A

Syndesmoses

67
Q

Joint with thick pad of fibrocartilage between thin articular cartilage

A

Symphyses

Histology (2 decks)

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