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Surgery > Peritonitis > Flashcards

Peritonitis Flashcards

1
Q

Palpate the left but patient feels pain on the right

A

Rovsing’s sign

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2
Q

Only elicited in males. Drag on the testes. Drag on right and pain feels pain in the right iliac fossa

A

Ten horn sign

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3
Q

Endoscopy is contraindicated in a ………….

A

Perforated hollow viscus

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4
Q

Hold the waist of a supine lying patient, Tell them to shake it. A peritonitis patient will not allow you

A

Jar sign

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5
Q

What is the most common pathogen for peritonitis

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Peritonitis and intra-abdominal infections are not synonymous
True or false

A

True

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7
Q

What is the difference between peritonitis and intra-abdominal infection

A

Peritonitis may result from sterile inflammation of the peritoneum while infra-abdominal infection implies inflammation of the peritoneum caused by microorganisms

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8
Q

What is an abscess

A

Accumulation of pus in a cavity

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9
Q

What is a phlegmon

A

Diffused spread of pus because of the absence of a cavity

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10
Q

What are some pathways leading to peritoneal infections

A

Gastrointestinal perforation
Exogenous contamination
Transmural translocation
Ascending female genital tract infection
Hematogenous spread

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11
Q

What is localized peritonitis

A

A type of peritonitis limited it confined to a demarcated area or region

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12
Q

What is generalized/diffuse peritonitis

A

Widespread peritonitis throughout

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13
Q

What are some factors affecting localization

A

Anatomical
Pathological
Surgical

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14
Q

What is the most important structure in closing the abdomen

A

The fascia (not the oeritoneum)

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15
Q

What are some factors favoring diffuse peritonitis

A

Speed of contamination
Peristalsis
Virulence
Young children
Immunodeficiency

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16
Q

What is the most common pathogen for peritonitis

A

Bacteria

Mostly polymicrobial, both aerobes and anaerobes

17
Q

What could produce endotoxic shock with hypotension

A

Endotoxins released by gram negative bacteria

18
Q

What is a resectable intra-abdominal infection

A

They are infectious processes that are contained within a diseased but resectable organ (e.g. gangrenous appendix). These conditions are easily eradicated by an operation and consequently do not require prolonged postoperative antibiotic therapy

19
Q

What is a non-resectable intra-abdominal disease

A

They are infections that have spread beyond the confines of the source organ. In perforated appendix, for instance, you may resect the appendix but residual peritoneal infection persists, requiring extended antibiotic coverage

20
Q

What cells form the peritoneum

A

A single layer of polyhedral cells on thin fibro elastic tissue

21
Q

What is the largest cavity of the body

A

Peritoneal cavity

22
Q

What is the area of the peritoneal cavity

A

1.7 m2

23
Q

What are the functions of the peritoneum

A

Pain perception
Visceral lubrication
Fluid and particulate absorption
Inflammatory and immune responses
Fibrinolytic activity

24
Q

What are some examples of GI perforation

A

Perforated ulcer
Diverticula perforation

25
Q

What are some sources of exogenous contamination

A

Surgical drains
Surgeries
Traumas

26
Q

What are some examples of female genital tract infections

A

PID
Infected IUCD

27
Q

What could be an example of hematogenous spread

A

Septicemia

28
Q

What are some examples of transmural translocation

A

IBD
Appendicitis
Ischemic bowel

29
Q

Peritonitis as a disease is classified based on

A

Severity
Extent/Spread
Cause

30
Q

Under severity, peritonitis could be subcategorised into

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

31
Q

Under extent/spread, peritonitis can be subcategorised into

A

Localized
Generalized

Surgery (25 decks)

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