21. Drugs

Question 1

Describe a drug

Answer 1

any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

Use of antibiotics

Answer 2

treatment of bacterial infections

Question 3

Antibiotic-resistance process

Answer 3

resistance arises by mutation ;
in small number of bacteria ;
ref. to a random event (not related to presence of antibiotic) ;
antibiotic kills bacteria that do not have the mutation ;
resistant bacteria have no competition ;
resistant bacteria reproduce ;
pass on, gene / allele, for resistance ;
natural selection ;
method of transmission from one person to another described ;
gene transferred to other bacteria (of different type) in a plasmid ;

Question 4

Cause and action for ineffectiveness of antibiotic resitance

Answer 4

some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics which reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics

using antibiotics only when essential can limit the development of resistant bacteria such as MRSA

prescribe / use, antibiotics less often ;
do not use for, viral / fungal, infections ;
make sure people complete the course of antibiotics / AW ;
develop new antibiotics ;
do not use the same antibiotics for too long / rotate antibiotics / AW ;
use combinations of antibiotics ;

Question 5

why do antibiotics kill bacteria but do not affect viruses

Answer 5

viruses are, acellular / non-living / do not have (named) cell structure ;

antibiotics target (named) cell structures / (named) process ;