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Physics > s3 notes ut > Flashcards

s3 notes ut Flashcards

1
Q

Heat

A

the enrgy transferred from a hotter object to another colder object

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2
Q

Energy transfer

A

The amount of energy transfer due to a temperature difference

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3
Q

thermal equilibrium

A

two objects reach the same final temperature (still energy transfer between the objects)

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4
Q

Measure Energy

A

Joulemeter (J)
Kilowatt-hour meter (kWh)

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5
Q

Power

A

How fast energy is transferred
The amount of energy transferred in 1 second

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6
Q

The energy absorbed by an object when heated depends on

A

The increase in the temperature
the mass of an object
the material (specific heat capacity)

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7
Q

Meaning of specific heat capacity

A

The energy required to heat up 1 kg of the object to increase its temperature by 1°C.
The energy released by 1 kg of the object when it decreases its temperature by 1°C

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8
Q

Materials having a higher specific heat capacity means

A

More difficult to change temperature (both increase and decrease)
requires/ releases more energy to increase its temperature
Requires longer time to change temperature (providing that at the same rate)

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9
Q

Heat capacity means

A

The energy required/ released to heat up that particular object to increase/ decrease its temperature by 1°C

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10
Q

Objects having a higher heat capacity means
(3)

A

More difficult to change temperature (both increase and decrease)
Requires more energy to increase its temperature/ releases more energy to decrease ts temperature
Requires longer time to change temperature (provided that at the same rate)

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11
Q

An object has high heat capacity if

A

The material has high specific heat capacity
Its mass is large

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12
Q

Bunsen burner °C

A

1000°C

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13
Q

Boiling point of water °C

A

100°C

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14
Q

Melting point of water °C K

A

0°C 273K

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15
Q

Absolute zero temperature °C K

A

-273°C 0K

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16
Q

Thermometric properties (2)

A

The working principle of thermometers lies on thermometric properties.
Thermometric properties are properties which changes with temperature.

17
Q

Different types of thermometers

6

A

Liquid-in-glass thermometer, Resistance thermometer, Thermistor thermometer, Infra-red thermometer, rotary thermometer, liquid crystal thermometer

18
Q

Liquid-in-glass thermometer

A

Volume of liquid
(↑when temp↑)
Use: Laboratory use / measure body temperature

19
Q

Types of liquid in glass thermometer, working rang, ad and dis

A

Mercury-in-glass
Higher max temperature
Short response time
Mercury is toxic

Alcohol-in-glass
Lower min temperature
Not toxic
Longer response time

20
Q

Resistance thermometer

A

Resistance of metals
(Temp ↑
Resistance of metal ↑
Current ↓)

Ovens/ engines / observatory

21
Q

Thermistor thermometer

A

Resistance of semi-conductor
(Temp ↑
Resistance of semi-conductor ↓
Current ↑)

Measure body temperature/ electrical appliance

22
Q

Infra-red thermometer

A

Amount of infra-red radiation
(Temp ↑
Amount of infra-red ↑)

Measure body temperature

23
Q

Rotary thermometer

A

Degree of bending of the bimetallic strip
(Temp ↑
Bimetallic strip bends more)

Ovens/ freezers

24
Q

Liquid crystal thermometer

A

Colour of liquid crystal
Measure body temperature/ fish tank

25
Q

Clinical thermometer

A

Thermometers for measuring body temperature
Clinical thermometer has to be accurate and sensitive

26
Q

Accurate

A

the measured temperature is equal to / very close to the actual temperature.

27
Q

Sensitive

A

the thermometer can show response (an observable change) to a slight change in temperature

28
Q

Sensitivity of thermometer

what makes it sensitive

2

A

Less °C per division → have a higher sensitivity

The cross-section area of the glass tube is smaller → have a higher sensitivity

29
Q

Constriction

A

prevents the liquid level from falling back after the thermometer is taken out from our body

30
Q

Calibrating a liquid-in-glass thermometer (two fixing point)

A

Lower fixed point: 0°C= melting point of water (ice)
HIgher fixed point 100°C= boiling point of water

31
Q

Calibrating a liquid-in-glass thermometer (steps)

A

The lower fixed point is marked by putting the thermometer into melting ice.
The upper fixed point is marked by putting the thermometer into boiling water
Divide the scale of the thermometer into equal parts

31
Q

Calculations on thermometers
Graphical method (Assume linear relationship)

x,y

A

Y: length/cm (dependent variable)
X: temperature/°C

Physics (2 decks)

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