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AIS > AIS 9 > Flashcards

AIS 9 Flashcards

1
Q

A specific data file was created for each application ​

A

File-oriented processing

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2
Q

Create a single data repository to support numerous applications.​

A

Data-oriented processing

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3
Q

creates excessive storage costs of paper documents and/or magnetic form​

A

Data Storage

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4
Q

any changes or additions must be performed multiple times​

A

Data Updating

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5
Q

potential problem of failing to update all affected files​

A

Currency of Information

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6
Q

user’s inability to obtain additional information as his or her needs change​

A

Task-Data Dependency

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7
Q

Data is stored only once, eliminating data redundancy and reducing storage costs.​

A

No data redundancy

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8
Q

Because data is in only one place, it requires only a single update, reducing the time and cost of keeping the database current.​

A

Single update

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9
Q

A change to the database made by any user yields current data values for all other users.​

A

Current values

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10
Q

As users’ information needs expand, the new needs can be more easily satisfied than under the flat-file approach. ​

A

Task-data independence

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11
Q

stands between the user and the database per se.​

A

The database management system (DBMS)

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12
Q

user created applications​

A

Program Development

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13
Q

copies database​

A

Backup and Recovery

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14
Q

captures statistics on database usage (who, when, etc.)​

A

Database Usage Reporting

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15
Q

authorizes access to sections of the database​

A

Database Access

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16
Q

makes the presence of the DBMS transparent to the user​

A

User Programs

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17
Q

allows authorized users to access data without programming​

A

Direct Query

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18
Q

is a programming language used to define the database per se. ​

It identifies the names and the relationship of all data elements, records, and files that constitute the database.​

A

DDL

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19
Q

physical arrangement of records (1 view)​

A

Internal view

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20
Q

representation of database (1 view)​

A

Conceptual view (schema)

21
Q

the portion of the database each user views (many views) ​

A

User view (subschema)

22
Q

is the proprietary programming language that a particular DBMS uses to retrieve, process, and store data to / from the database.​

A

Data Manipulation Language (DML)​

23
Q

The query capability permits end users and professional programmers to access data in the database without the need for conventional programs.​

A

Query Language

24
Q

is a fourth-generation language that has emerged as the standard query language.​

A

IBM’s structured query language (SQL)

25
Q

Adopted by ANSI as the standard language for all relational databases​

A

IBM’s structured query language (SQL)

26
Q

Refers to the particular method used to organize records in a database​

A.k.a. “logical data structures”​

A

Database Conceptual Models​

27
Q

portrays data in the form of two dimensional ‘tables’.​

A

The Relational Model​

28
Q

is based on the relational algebra functions of restrict, project, and join.​

A

Relational model

29
Q

the labeled line connecting two entities or tables in a data model
Describes the nature of the between them ​
Represented with a verb, such as ships, requests, or receives​

A

Association

30
Q

the degree of association between two entities​
The number of possible occurrences in one table that are associated with a single occurrence in a related table​
Used to determine primary keys and foreign keys​

A

Cardinality

31
Q

A new item cannot be added to the table until at least one entity uses a particular attribute item.​

A

Insertion Anomaly

32
Q

If an attribute item used by only one entity is deleted, all information about that attribute item is lost.​

A

Deletion Anomaly

33
Q

A modification on an attribute must be made in each of the rows in which the attribute appears.​

A

Update Anomaly

34
Q

Anomalies can be corrected by creating additional

A

relational tables

35
Q

users can form ad hoc relationships​

A

Very flexible

36
Q

A process which systematically splits unnormalized complex tables into smaller tables

A

The Normalization Process​

37
Q

can generate conflicting and obsolete database values.​

A

Update anomalies

38
Q

can result in unrecorded transactions and incomplete audit trails.​

A

Insertion anomalies

39
Q

can cause the loss of accounting records and the destruction of audit trails.​

A

Deletion anomalies

40
Q

should understand the data normalization process and be able to determine whether a database is properly normalized.​

A

Accountants

41
Q

is organized around several information processing units (IPUs) distributed throughout the organization. ​

A

Distributed Data Processing (DDP)​

42
Q

The data is retained in a central location. ​
Remote IPUs send requests for data.​
Central site services the needs of the remote IPUs.​
The actual processing of the data is performed at the remote IPU.​

A

Centralized Databases in DDP Environment​

43
Q

Occurs in DDP with a centralized database​
During transaction processing, data will temporarily be inconsistent as records are read and updated. ​

A

Data Currency​

44
Q

procedures are necessary to keep IPUs from reading inconsistent data and from writing over a transaction being written by another IPU.​

A

Database lockout

45
Q

Splits the central database into segments that are distributed to their primary users​

A

Distributed Databases: Partitioning​

46
Q

Occurs when multiple sites lock each other out of data that they are currently using ​
One site needs data locked by another site.​

A

The Deadlock Phenomenon​

47
Q

The duplication of the entire database for multiple IPUs​
Effective for situations with a high degree of data sharing, but no primary user​
Supports read-only queries​
Data traffic between sites is reduced considerably.​

A

Distributed Databases: Replication​

48
Q

is the presence of complete and accurate data at all IPU sites.

A

Database concurrency

49
Q

is used to serialize transactions.​
Prevents and resolves conflicts created by updating data at various IPUs​

A

Time stamping

AIS (8 decks)

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