Energy Dispersal

Question 1

Entropy

Answer 1

a measure of how spread out the energy is; how are the increments of energy being distributed

Question 2

qrev

Answer 2

the heat transfer of energy for a reversible process

Question 3

Entropy change (∆S)

Answer 3

qrev/T

Question 4

State

Answer 4

particle identities, quantities, and phases present; volume; temp

Question 5

Microstate

Answer 5

a specific configuration of the energies of a system; one way of distributing the energy in a system

Question 6

Modes of motion for a microstate (for each particle in a system)

Answer 6

translation, rotation, vibration

Question 7

Distributions

Answer 7

microstates with equivalent particle arrangements that are grouped together

Question 8

What is the most probable distribution?

Answer 8

the one of the greatest entropy

Question 9

When does entropy increase?

Answer 9

increase in temp, more atoms in a system, more complex molecules, going from solid to liquid or liquid to gas, heavier molecules, gas expanding, particles mixing

Question 10

3rd law of thermodynamics

Answer 10

the entropy of a pure, perfect crystalline substance at 0K is zero; saying there is only 1 microstate possible

Question 11

Standard entropy (Sº)

Answer 11

the absolute entropies per mole of substance at a pressure of 1 bar

Question 12

Standard entropy change (∆rSº)

Answer 12

∑Sºproducts - ∑Sºreactants; make sure to pay attention to coefficients

Question 13

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

all changes that take place of their own accord (spontaneous) involve an increase in entropy of the universe (∆Suniv>0)

Question 14

What does ∆Suniv = 0 mean?

Answer 14

the system is at equilibrium