Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Neuroscience > Somatosensory System > Flashcards

Somatosensory System Flashcards

1
Q

Modality: Touch, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Contact with body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Modality: Pain, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Modality: Hearing, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Sound vibrations in the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Modality: Vestibular, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Head movement and orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Modality: Joint, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Position and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Modality: Muscle, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Modality: Vision, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Photons from light sources or reflected from sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Modality: Smell, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Odorant chemicals in the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Modality: Taste, Sensed Stimuli:

A

Substances on taste receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Somatosensory System Pathway

A
  1. Somatosensory afferent neurons convey information from the skin surface via sensory ganglion cells
  2. Via sensory ganglion cells, information goes to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
  3. Information from the dorsal horn ascends to the sensory cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

Ganglion cells carrying sensory neural information from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cranial nerve ganglion

A

Ganglion cells carrying sensory neural information from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dorsal horn

A

A division of the spinal cord gray matter where the first synapse of the system occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sensory transduction

A

Conversion of stimulus energy to that of an electrical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Merkel’s Disc

A

Nerve endings that respond to light touch and skin indentation with high tactile acuity for an object’s physical features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Skin receptor cell that responds to low frequency vibrations and fine touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ruffini Corpuscle

A

Skin receptor cell that responds to gradual skin stretching and recognize hand/ finger position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

Skin receptor cell that responds to high frequency vibration and sudden deep pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Axons that are near the skin’s surface that respond to pain, warmth, and cold

20
Q

Transduction for mechanosensory afferents process

A
  1. As a stimulus is applied to that sensory receptor, the neuronal membrane stretches
  2. Ion channels open, permitting the entry of Na ions
  3. The cell membrane depolarizes enough to reach a threshold to initiate an action potential
21
Q

Center on/ Surround off receptive field

A

Touch in the center excites while touch in the surrounding inhibits

22
Q

Center off/ Surround on receptive field

A

Touch in the center inhibits while touch in the surrounding excites

23
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

The progressive decrease in a receptor’s response to sustained stimulation

24
Q

Dermatome

A

The area of the skin or body innervated by the dorsal roots of the spinal cord

25
Q

What are the 5 regions of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

26
Q

Why is the face and head not covered by the spinal cord dermatome?

A

They are innervated by the cranial and trigeminal nerve

27
Q

Dorsal column medial lemniscus touch system

A
  1. Action potential fired by a sensory neuron from the skin synapses first on a dorsal root ganglion cell
  2. Action potential travels up the dorsal column to second synapse on the dorsal column nuclei
  3. Action potential travels up the trigeminal nerve to third synapse on the ventral posterior nucleus in the thalamus
  4. Information is relayed to the somatosensory cortex
28
Q

Trigeminal touch system to the face

A
  1. Large mechanoreceptor axons from the face synapse on the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus via the trigeminal nerve
  2. Action potential synapses onto the thalamus
  3. Thalamus relays the information to the primary somatosensory cortex
29
Q

Cortical somatotopic map

A

A representation of how many cells in the brain are related to locations on the body (homunculus)

30
Q

Would homunculus differ from a mouse-unculus?

A

Yes; homunculus designates a large amount of brain matter to touch of the hands whereas a mouse-unculus would designate more space to the nose and whiskers

31
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

S1; the brain area that receives touch information from the opposite side of the body

32
Q

Posterior parietal cortex

A

Brain area that responds to visual and somatosensory stimuli for higher processing

33
Q

Association cortex

A

Regions of the brain where different modalities combine for dual-sense processing of vision and touch

34
Q

Secondary somatosensory cortex

A

S2; the brain area that recognizes objects by their texture and size

35
Q

Astereognosia

A

The inability to recognize objects by touch caused by damage to S2

36
Q

A-delta afferent fibers

A

Myelinated neurons that send pain signals fast for the sensation of sharp, immediate pain (first pain occurring for a short amount of time)

37
Q

C afferent fibers

A

Unmyelinated neurons that send pain signals slow for the sensation of dull, aching pain (second pain occurring for a long amount of time)

38
Q

Neural pathway of pain

A
  1. When cells are damaged, they release chemicals that activate free nerve endings
  2. Action potentials generated in the periphery can reflexively excite blood vessels and mast cells to inflame
  3. Stimulated mast cells release histamine
  4. Information enters through the dorsal root and synapses on neurons in the dorsal horn
  5. Pain fibers release glutamate as a transmitter and substance P as a neuromodulator in the spinal cord
  6. Dorsal horn cells send information across the midline up to the thalamus
39
Q

Anterolateral system

A

Ascending pain pathway that carries temperature and pain information only

40
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

The main pain signal pathway from the first synapse at the dorsal root ganglion cell, up the spinal cord, to the thalamus

41
Q

Spinotectal tract

A

The pain pathway where pain is controlled and inhibited by opiate release, from first synapse at dorsal root ganglion cells, then up the spinal cord, to the PAG

42
Q

Periaqueductal gray

A

PAG; the region of the midbrain involved in the release of endorphins to inhibit pain stimuli

43
Q

Spinoreticular tract

A

The pain pathway where motivation and emotion affect turning into an action response, from the first synapse at dorsal root ganglion cells, up the spinal cord, to the reticular activating system

44
Q

Neural-mediated pathways

A

Modulating pain experience from the release of endorphins or opiates

45
Q

Stress-induced analgesia

A

The suppressing of pain from stress of great injury

46
Q

Distraction or meditation-induced analgesia

A

Suppressing pain through cognitive strategies to draw away attention (ex: coping)

Behavioral Neuroscience (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions