chapter 11

Question 1

Anglican service

Answer 1

developed when Henry VIII split from Catholic church.

Retained many elements of Catholic liturgy, some remained in Latin, others in English
NEW:
music for the Morning and Evening Prayer (like Catholic Office) and Holy Communion (like Catholic Mass)
Anthem: polyphonic work in English (like a motet)

PRIMARY COMPOSERS:
Thomas Tallis (ca. 1505-1585)
William Byrd (ca. 1540-1623)

Question 2

Anthem

Answer 2

Polyphonic work in English (like a motet). used in ANglican service.

Question 3

Calvin

Answer 3

1509-1564 started Calvinist church, one of 3 branches in reformation. Similar complaints to luther, believed in predestination.

Change in music: development of the Psalter. No distractions, musical instruments, or elaborate polyphony. only biblical texts.

Question 4

Lutheran CHorale

Answer 4

Stophic hymn on biblical text in vernacular for congregational singins.

Question 5

Council of Trent

Answer 5

Catholic church worked through Luther’s complaints in Council of Trent.

Suppress local variations in favour of a uniform liturgy:
Eliminate tropes and sequences
Official chant books revised to conform to liturgy and get rid of “barbarisms, obscurities, contrarieties, and superfluities”
Polyphony needed to be managed
Basing sacred music on secular songs inappropriate
Polyphony allowed if text was comprehensible
All left to local bishops to enforce

No change to Latin use or congregational participation instead, music used to project splendour and leadership of church

Question 6

Counter-Reformation

Answer 6

Catholic church working through Martin luther’s complaints in Council of Trent

Question 7

Henry VIII

Answer 7

Anglican church. split with Catholic church for political reasons. Developed anglican service.

Question 8

Luther

Answer 8

Humanist. most important complain was he was approaching faith from a humanist perspective. Kept much of Catholic liturgy, but
- Increased vernacular, used Latin texts, german translations, new German texts. 95 theses made him famous

Question 9

Palestrina

Answer 9

1525-1594 composer of church music. revised chant books after council of Trent (eliminated Melismas). concern for intelligibility. mass

Question 10

Protestant Reformation

Answer 10

Theological dispute with 3 main branches: Lutheran, Calvinist, Church of ENgland.

Question 11

Calvinist Psalter

Answer 11

Book of Psalms translated into vernacular with strophic rhyming, metrical verse set to new, simple melodies. performed in unison, unaccompanied.

Question 12

Tallis

Answer 12

1505-1585 primary composer of English sacred music in mid 16th c