1.4 Reducing risks Flashcards
what are the ways of reducing the risk of CVD?
- stopping smoking
- maintaining normal blood pressure
- low blood cholesterol
- normal bmi
- exercise
- moderate or no alcohol
what are the three main drugs used to treat high blood pressure?
ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and diuretics
how do ACE inhibitors work?
these are anti hypertensive drugs that reduce the synthesis of angiotensin II which is a hormone that causes vasoconstriction of blood vessel
what are the side effects of AXE inhibitors?
dry cough, dizziness, abnormal heart rhythm and reduction in kidney function
how do calcium channel blockers work?
these are anti hypertensive drugs that block the calcium channels in the muscle in the lining of arteries. failure of calcium to enter the cell prevents contraction of the muscle
what are the side effects of calcium channel blockers?
headaches, dizziness, swollen ankles, abnormal heart rhythms, flushing red in the face and constipation
how do diuretics work?
increases the volume of urine produced by the kidneys and rids the body of excess fluid and salts.
this decreases the blood plasma volume and cardiac output
what are the side effects of diuretics?
dizziness, nausea and muscle cramps
what diet reduces blood cholesterol levels?
low fat diet
what drug lowers cholesterol?
statins
how do statins work?
they inhibit an enzyme involved in the production of LDL cholesterol by the liver
what are the side effects of statins?
tiredness, disturbed sleep, feeling sick, vomiting, diarrhoea, headaches and muscle weakness
what are key features of a diet to reduce the risk of CVD?
- energy balanced
- reduced saturated fat
- more polyunsaturated fats
- reduced cholesterol
- reduced salt
- oily fish
- fruit and veg
name 3 anticoagulant and platelet inhibitory drugs
aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin
how does aspirin work?
reduces the stickiness of platelets and the likelihood of clot formation
