Module 5.3

Question 1

• Before the Enlightenment, there were countless wars and strife and it almost brought Europe into a collapse
• Kings were dethroned, and beheaded, some were exiled and governments were unstable
• People demanded for decorum and an orderly civilization
• Europe adopted the worldview that Reason must remain the chief faculty over Passion.

Answer 1

The 18th Century - The Age of Reason/Enlightenment

Question 2

– During the age of reason also evolved into something that favored a cohesive civilization as opposed to mere individual interest and the irrational.

Answer 2

The Arts and Sciences

Question 3

– He is the embodiment of the Enlightenment period in America

Answer 3

Benjamin Franklin

Question 4

• French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopedie
• A Publication which is considered to be the start of society’s de-christianization

Answer 4

Denis Diderot

Question 5

• Experienced execution.
• He was tortured and beheaded before his body was burnt on a pyre along with Voltaire’s nailed to his torso.

Answer 5

Francois-Jean Lefebvre de la Barre

Question 6

• Denounce the arbitrary nature of justice

Answer 6

Voltaire

Question 7

• A Famous art movement during 18th Century

Answer 7

Rococo Art

Question 8

• A painter who was the first to use Rococo style

Answer 8

Antoine Watteau

Question 9

-A new form of architecture was also formed in this century
- It is an American form of Neo-Classicism or NeoPalladianism
created by Thomas Jefferson

Answer 9

Jeffersonian Architecture

Question 10

he quoted “what does reason fail to address?”

Answer 10

Edmund Burke

Question 11

– teamed together and wrote a collection of poems in 1798, called Lyrical Ballads as an experiment in a new, emotional, personal and visionary form of expression

Answer 11

William Wordsworth: Tackled poetry about nature
Samuel Coleridge: Tackled poetry about dreams, visions and the glories and dangers of imagination

Question 12

– Made a radical break from the 18th century tradition of representing non-European people

Answer 12

Marie-Guillemine Benoist

Question 13

• French painter who shifted his emphasis from heroism to suffering and from victors to victims

Answer 13

Theodore Gericault

Question 14

• He Was born after the revolution.
• His ambition was to paint large history pictures in the grand manner, in the tradition of Michelangelo and Rubens

Answer 14

Eugene Delacroix

Question 15

• He was as coined as the “Devotee of Raphael” the champion of lines and the opponent of Delacroix

Answer 15

Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres

Question 16

• The first photographic process

Answer 16

Heliography

Question 17

• Also referred to as pinhole image, is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen is projected through a small hole in that screen as a reversed and inverted image on a surface opposite to the opening.

Answer 17

Camera Obscura

Question 18

• They publicly announced their independent inventions of photography.

Answer 18

Louis Jacques-Mande Daguerre (1787-1851) and William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877)

Question 19

• Patented the Calotype, a unique form of Daguerreotype
• The first negative-positive process that made it possible to multiply the same image, by means of an intermediate negative on a solver chloride paper made translucid with wax

Answer 19

William Henry Fox Talbot

Question 20

• Began as a rejection of the imagination and subjectivism of Romanticism
• Focused more on accurate observation of the ordinary world and situations by painting explicit subject matters like politics and prostitution.

Answer 20

Realism

Question 21

• He is known as the main proponent of Realism
  -his paintings challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects.

Answer 21

Gustave Courbet

Question 22

• He is an American painter whose works, particularly those on marine subjects, are among the most powerful and expressive of the late 19th-century American art

Answer 22

Winslow Homer

Question 23

• He is regarded as one of the greatest painters of this time
• He was also one of America’s finest realist painters
• As aforemention, Realism is an art style in which everyday scenes and events are painted as they actually look.

Answer 23

Thomas Eakins

Question 24

• He is former student of Thomas Eakins, was an important African-American artist.
• He studied for a period in Paris
• In 1894, one of his paintings was accepted by the Salon

Answer 24

Henry Ossawa Tanner

Question 25

• He Was a native of Pennsylvania
• While studying at Paris, he met the Impressionists and was greatly influence by their style of painting
• He slowly shifted to Post

Answer 25

Mary Cassatt

Question 26

It is an art style that attempts to capture the rapidly changing effects of sunlight on objects.

Answer 26

Impressionism

Question 27

• Developed impressionism during the early 1860s.

Answer 27

Claude Monet and Other Paris-based Artists

Question 28

• Became an even greater medium for expression, as it was not afraid to have unorthodox subjects.
• created out of the criticism of Impressionism’s “naturalization”

Answer 28

Post-Impressionism

Question 29

• A prominent Post-Impressionist artist
• “Don’t copy too much after nature. Art is an abstraction: extract from nature while dreaming before it and concentrate more on creating than on the final result.”

Answer 29

Paul Gaugin

Question 30

– is one of the most famous and celebrated artists in human history.
- In his paintings, he used twisted lines and forms, intense colors, and rich textures to express deep emotions

Answer 30

Vincent Van Gogh

Question 31

• Were an important aspect of 19th century society

Answer 31

The Performing Arts

Question 32

• One exceptional form of play that was formed during the 19th century
• The play is quite dramatic where the plot is sensational and is designed to appeal strongly to the emotions, takes supersede over detailed characterization.
• It typically concentrates on dialogue , which is often bombastic or excessively sentimental, rather than action.

Answer 32

Melodrama

Question 33

– Another form of theatrical performance that was created during this time
- Began to emerge as modern Western theatre in the 19th century.
- They’re commonly shows that integrate a story with music, range from 30 minutes to 3 hours and are presented in two acts

Answer 33

Musical

Question 34

The emergence of a new art form called the Advertising Poster helped increase the popularity of the performing arts.

Answer 34

The Art Nouveau

Question 35

In the late 1880’s various people began experimenting with photography, blending them together to give the illusion of a

Answer 35

Motion Pictures

Question 36

Created the groundbreaking motion photography The Horse in Motion

Answer 36

Eadweard J. Muybridge

Question 37

A French inventor who directed Roundhay Garden Scene (1888)

Answer 37

Louis Le Prince

Question 38

filmed the L’Arrivee d’un Train A la Ciotat,

Answer 38

Auguste and Louis Lumiere