UNIT 2 (DOSAGE FORM DESIGNSㅡPREFORMULATION STUDIES) Flashcards
● Study on the formulation, manufacture, stability, and effectiveness of pharmaceutical dosage form
PHARMACEUTICS
● Non-medical, inert agent (they are not active and they should not impart an effect to the active ingredient)
● They should not impart an effect on the drug preparation
● Use:
- Solubilize
- Stabilize
- Suspended
- Preserve color
- Fashion medicinal agent into efficacious appealing dosage form
PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS OR EXCIPIENTS
to protect the drug substance from the destructive influences of atmospheric oxygen or humidity
- example is Poten cee
- vitamin C is prone to oxidation, need to coat to preserve drug substance
Coated tablets
to protect the drug substance from the destructive influence of gastric acid after oral administration
- example is aspirin tablets
Enteric coated
● to conceal the bitter, salty or offensive or odor of a drug substance.
Capsules, Flavored syrups
to provide liquid preparations of substance that are either insoluble or unstable in the desired vehicle
Suspension
to provide clear dosage form of substances
Syrups, Solution
to provide rate-controlled drug action
Controlled-release tablet
● to provide optimal action from tropical administration sites
Ointments, Creams, Transdermal patches
to provide for insertion of a drug into one of the body’s orifices
Suppositories
to provide placement of drugs directly in the bloodstream or body tissues
Injections
to provide for optimal drug action through inhalation therapy
Inhalants, Inhalation aerosols
● the formulation that best meets the goal for the product
Master Formula
FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE FORMULATION OF A MEDICINAL AGENT IN ONE OR MORE DOSAGE FORM
● Nature of the illness
● Manner in which the illness it is treated (locally or through systemic action)
● Age
● Anticipated condition of the patient
The ___________ of the chemical substances is essential for its identification and for evaluation of its physical and chemical and biological properties
PURITY
● Approaches for when a liquid drug is to be administered orally and a solid form is desired:
- The liquid substance may be sealed in a soft gelatin capsule (ex. Vit A, D, and E, fish oil)
- The liquid drug may be developed into a solid ester or salt form that will be suitable for tablets or drug capsules (ex. Scopalamine hydrobromide, salit salt of the liquid drug scopolamine, used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness or anesthesia)
- Formulate liquid into solid is by mixing the drug with a solid or melted semisolid material such as a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol
___________ flow more easily than needle-shaped powders and make processing easier.
Spherical and oval powder
● Defined as the amount of heat needed to turn 1g of a liquid into a vapor, without a rise in the temperature of the liquid
HEAT OF VOPARIZATION