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PHARM 200 DDS LECTURE (Long Quiz) > UNIT 2 (DOSAGE FORM DESIGNSㅡPREFORMULATION STUDIES) > Flashcards

UNIT 2 (DOSAGE FORM DESIGNSㅡPREFORMULATION STUDIES) Flashcards

1
Q

● Study on the formulation, manufacture, stability, and effectiveness of pharmaceutical dosage form

A

PHARMACEUTICS

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2
Q

● Non-medical, inert agent (they are not active and they should not impart an effect to the active ingredient)

● They should not impart an effect on the drug preparation

● Use:

  • Solubilize
  • Stabilize
  • Suspended
  • Preserve color
  • Fashion medicinal agent into efficacious appealing dosage form
A

PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS OR EXCIPIENTS

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3
Q

to protect the drug substance from the destructive influences of atmospheric oxygen or humidity

  • example is Poten cee
  • vitamin C is prone to oxidation, need to coat to preserve drug substance
A

Coated tablets

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4
Q

to protect the drug substance from the destructive influence of gastric acid after oral administration
- example is aspirin tablets

A

Enteric coated

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5
Q

● to conceal the bitter, salty or offensive or odor of a drug substance.

A

Capsules, Flavored syrups

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6
Q

to provide liquid preparations of substance that are either insoluble or unstable in the desired vehicle

A

Suspension

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7
Q

to provide clear dosage form of substances

A

Syrups, Solution

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8
Q

to provide rate-controlled drug action

A

Controlled-release tablet

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9
Q

● to provide optimal action from tropical administration sites

A

Ointments, Creams, Transdermal patches

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10
Q

to provide for insertion of a drug into one of the body’s orifices

A

Suppositories

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11
Q

to provide placement of drugs directly in the bloodstream or body tissues

A

Injections

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12
Q

to provide for optimal drug action through inhalation therapy

A

Inhalants, Inhalation aerosols

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13
Q

● the formulation that best meets the goal for the product

A

Master Formula

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14
Q

FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE FORMULATION OF A MEDICINAL AGENT IN ONE OR MORE DOSAGE FORM

A

● Nature of the illness

● Manner in which the illness it is treated (locally or through systemic action)

● Age

● Anticipated condition of the patient

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15
Q

The ___________ of the chemical substances is essential for its identification and for evaluation of its physical and chemical and biological properties

A

PURITY

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16
Q

● Approaches for when a liquid drug is to be administered orally and a solid form is desired:

A
  1. The liquid substance may be sealed in a soft gelatin capsule (ex. Vit A, D, and E, fish oil)
  2. The liquid drug may be developed into a solid ester or salt form that will be suitable for tablets or drug capsules (ex. Scopalamine hydrobromide, salit salt of the liquid drug scopolamine, used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness or anesthesia)
  3. Formulate liquid into solid is by mixing the drug with a solid or melted semisolid material such as a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol
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17
Q

___________ flow more easily than needle-shaped powders and make processing easier.

A

Spherical and oval powder

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18
Q

● Defined as the amount of heat needed to turn 1g of a liquid into a vapor, without a rise in the temperature of the liquid

A

HEAT OF VOPARIZATION

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19
Q

● ____________________ of a pure crystalline solid is defined as the temperature at which the pure liquid and solid exist in equilibrium.

A

Melting Point (or freezing point)

20
Q

● _____________ are often constructed to provide a visual picture of the existence and extent of the presence of solid and liquid phases in binary (two component), ternary (three component), and other mixtures

A

Phase diagrams

21
Q
  • A point in phase diagram at which the three states of matter (gas, liquid, solid) co-exist.
A

Triple point

22
Q
  • Point at which the substance is indistinguishable between solid and gaseous states.
A

Critical point

23
Q

process of allowing particles in suspension in water to settle out of the suspension under the effect of the gravity

A

Sedimentation

24
Q

● the ability of a solid material to exist in two or more crystalline forms with different arrangements or conformations in the crystal lattice

A

Polymorphism

25
Q
  • A phenomenon where a single chemical compound tends to exist in two or more interconvertible structures that are different in terms of the relative position of one atomic nucleus which is generally the hydrogen.
A

Tautomerism

26
Q
  • This type of isomer compounds usually differs in the number of electrons and protons
  • Exist in dynamic equilibrium
A

Tautomer

27
Q

● crystals that have incorporated solvent molecules into their crystal lattice.

A

Solvates

28
Q
  • refer to an ionizable drug that has been combined with a counter-ion to form a neutral complex.
A

Pharmaceutical Salt

29
Q

● The time it takes for the drug to dissolve in the fluids at the absorption site (rate-limiting step in absorption)

A

DISSOLUTION RATE

30
Q

The most effective, means of obtaining higher dissolution rates is to use

A
  • a highly water-soluble salt of the parent substance.
31
Q

● provides the intrinsic dissolution rate of the agent

  • Uses a compressed disc of known are
  • Eliminates surface area and surface electrical charges as dissolution variables
  • Obtains The Intrinsic Dissolution rate: characteristics of each solid compound and a given solvent in the fixed experimental conditions
A

Constant Surface Method

32
Q

This is the rate of a dissolution or a pure pharmaceutical active ingredient when the surface area, the stirring speed, the pH, and the ionic strength of the dissolution medium is kept constant.

A

Intrinsic dissolution rate

33
Q

Asuspension of the agent is added to a fixed amount of solvent without exact control of surface

  • A weighted amount of powdered sample is added to the dissolution medium in a constant agitation system
A

Particulate Dissolution

34
Q
  • a process in which a molecule diffuses from a region of higher concentration to a region lower concentration.
  • It is known to be the most important mechanism for the passage of drugs through membrane.
A

Passive diffusion

35
Q

● used to characterize the lipophilicity of the drug molecule

A

Oil-water partition coefficient

36
Q
  • method to determines degree and rate of passage of drug through the membrane sac by passive and active transport
  • a piece of intestine is removed from an intact animal and it is everted and is filled with a solution of a drug substance. And the degree of rate of passage of the drugs through the membrane sac is determined.
A

● Everted intestinal sac

37
Q
  • It is any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are converted into electrically charged atoms or molecules.
A

Ionization

38
Q

●_____________ is the pH at which the drugs are 50% ionized and 50% unionized.

A

pKa

39
Q

● multicomponent crystalline solid molecular adducts containing both the API or excipients and solvents incorporated in the crystal lattice structure

A

SOLVATES

40
Q

form a subtype of solid solvates in which water molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice of a compound

A

HYDRATE

41
Q

● powders/substance are those that will tend to absorb moisture from the air

A

HYGROSCOPIC

42
Q

● powder/substances are those that will absorb moisture form the air and even liquefy

A

DELIQUESCENT

43
Q

● powder/substances are those that may give up their water of crystallization and may even become damp and pasty

A

EFFLORESCENT

44
Q
  • This is the process where the dehydration of the molecule of an alcohol and a molecule of an organic acid can form an ester.
A

Esterification of the drug

45
Q

Units of biological potency defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) for International Biological Standards and International Biological Reference Preparations are termed _________

A

● International Units (IU)

46
Q

● Monographs refer to the units defined by UP Reference Standards as _____________

A

“USP Units.”

PHARM 200 DDS LECTURE (Long Quiz) (7 decks)

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