Integumentary System

Question 1

What does the system consist of?

Answer 1

It consists of skin, glands, hair, & nails

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

connective tissue. collagen & elastic fibers, nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

(stratified squamous)
-avascular supply

Question 4

Hypodermis/Subcutaneous layer

Answer 4

(not skin)
-made of adipose & areolar

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is found in the soles of feet & palms?

Answer 5

stratum lucidum

Question 6

Which layer of the epidermis does cell division occur?

Answer 6

stratum basale

Question 7

Melanocytes

Answer 7

-same # in everyone, some produce more melanin
-contains melanin

Question 8

Keratinocytes

Answer 8

-skin cells that fill epidermis
-as cells die, they fill with keratin (protein)

Question 9

Stratum corneum

Answer 9

filled with keratin

Question 10

Stratum granosium

Answer 10

has apostatis

Question 11

Stratum Spinosium

Answer 11

contains langerhorn cells & melanocytes

Question 12

Langerhorn cells

Answer 12

first line of defense from UV and help immune response

Question 13

Lamelar granules

Answer 13

keep moisture in our skin

Question 14

Merkel cells

Answer 14

touch receptors (pain, temp, itchy, tickling)

Question 15

Apostasis

Answer 15

found in stratum granosium, programmed cell death

Question 16

Moles

Answer 16

-benign= overgrowth of melanin
the ABC’s
-asymmetry= divided in 1/2 & it doesn’t look the same
-border= scalloped instead of even
-color= black, blue, red, brown w/ white dots
SIZE: over 6 mm in diameter

Question 17

Albinism

Answer 17

genetic condition, melanocytes shut down from producing melanin, risk of skin cancer

Question 18

Vitaligo

Answer 18

autoimmune disorder, melanocytes are destroyed from producing melanin

Question 19

What causes goosebumps?

Answer 19

arrector pili

Question 20

Intradermal injection

Answer 20

-administered directly into dermis
-slow absorption
ex. allergy, TB, botox

Question 21

Subcutaneous injection

Answer 21

-slow absorption
ex. measle in insulin

Question 22

Intramuscular injection

Answer 22

-quick absorption
-lots of blood vessels
ex. vaccines

Question 23

Intravenous injection (I.V)

Answer 23

-quickest absorption
ex. chemo, antibiotics, dehydration

Question 24

Nails are made of:

Answer 24

epidermal cells & 25 mg of biotin

Question 25

Pale nails

Answer 25

anemia, heart issues, kidney issues

Question 26

Where do cells divide?

Answer 26

in the matrix/stratum basale

Question 27

White nails

Answer 27

liver issues (hepatitis)

Question 28

Yellow nails

Answer 28

fungal infection, thyroid issues, diabetes

Question 29

Blue nails

Answer 29

lack of CO2, heart disease, lung disease

Question 30

Rippled nails

Answer 30

arthritis, psoriasis

Question 31

Dark line beneath nails

Answer 31

melanoma

Question 32

White spots

Answer 32

injury, sign of stress

Question 33

Baldness

Answer 33

-genetic
-inherited via x chromosome (mom)
-can be seen in women during menopause (hormonal)
-alopecia- attacks hair follicles (autoimmune)

Question 34

What are the three types of glands?

Answer 34

1. sweat
2. ceruminous
3. sebaceous

Question 35

Sebaceous glands

Answer 35

-produces sebum
-protects hair from drying out

Question 36

Ceruminous glands

Answer 36

-found in ear
-secretes earwax (lipids)
-protects eardrum/inner ear from bacteria debris

Question 37

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 37

eccrine & apocrine

Question 38

Eccrine

Answer 38

-activated at birth
-soles of feet/palms of hands
-regulate body temp. (dermis)

Question 39

Apocrine

Answer 39

-activated at puberty
-not used to regulate temp.