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N134 > WEEK 12 > Flashcards

WEEK 12 Flashcards

1
Q

2 major compartments of body fluids

A

Intracellular
 Extracellular

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2
Q

Transcellular fluid

A

Fluid separated from other fluids by a cellular barrier
 Very small % of body fluids
 Eg: CSF, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular
fluid, biliary, peritoneal and synovial fluid

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3
Q

interstitial fluid

A

bathes, surrounds cells

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4
Q

intravascular fluid

A

blood plasms in vascular system

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5
Q

Brain-Kidney Interaction

A

serum osmolality increases ,
the brain stimulates release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
“vasopressin” to act on the kidneys to increase
REABSORPTION of water which decreases the excretion of
urine and increases the blood volume in the body.

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6
Q

4 processes for body fluid movement

A

osmosis, diffusion, filtration, active transport

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7
Q

osmolality

A

describes concentration of a solute to water

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8
Q

osmotic pressure

A

drawing power of water and depends on the # of molecules in a solution

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9
Q

A solution with high solute concentration has high _____ and draws water _______

A

osmotic pressure, towards itself

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10
Q

What is an isotonic solution and what are some examples?

A

a solution with the same osmolarity as blood plasma. expands body’s fluid volume w/o causing a fluid shift from one compartment to another. examples are normal saline (aka 0.9 sodium chloride)

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11
Q

What is a hypertonic solution? how does it work and what are some examples?

A

it is higher in cocentration and thus has higher osmotic pressure than the surrounding body cells. pulls fluid from cells causing crenation and increasing fluid in the vascular compartment. eg, 3% sodium chloride.

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12
Q

What is a hypotonic solution? how does it work, and what are some examples?

A

it is less concentrated than the fluid in the surrounding cells. has lower osmotic pressure, so it pushes fluid into the surronding cells and out of the vascular compartment. EG half normal saline

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13
Q

Process where SOLVENTS & SOLUTES (coffee &
sugar) move across the membrane together

A

Filtration

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14
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes fluid out of a system

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15
Q

Eg. Sodium-Potassium-ATPase pump

A

ATPase moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell for every 2
potassium ions that it pumps in

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16
Q

Diffusion in the Body (example)

A

Eg. When carbon dioxide diffuses from the
bloodstream across the membrane of the alveoli so
that it can be exhaled

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17
Q

Filtration in the Body (example)

A

arterial end
hydrostatic
pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure, so fluid &
diffusible solutes (nutrients) move out of the
capillary into the interstitial space
venous end
colloid osmotic
pressure exceeds hydrostatic pressure, so fluid &
some solutes (waste products) move into the
capillary from the interstitial space

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18
Q

Hypovolemia

A

SOTONIC DEHYDRATION, FLUID
VOLUME DEFICIT a lack of water AND electrolytes
and therefore a decrease in blood volume.
23

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19
Q

Actual Dehydration

A

lack of fluid in the body

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20
Q

Relative Dehydration

A

involves a shift of water to
the interstitial space.

21
Q

What would happen if you gave someone excessive D5W?

A

overhydration

22
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

causes body to retain water.

23
Q

where is ADH stored?

A

posterior pituitary gland

24
Q

ADH makes renal tubules and collecting ducts more permeable to water, which ____________

A

causes water to return to the systemic circulation, diluting the blood and decreasing osmolarity.

25
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

natural diuretic

26
Q

hypokalemia symptoms

A

muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, constipation, fatigue, extreme cases- respiratory paralysis, paralytic ileus, hypotension, tetany, rhabdomyolysis

27
Q

how should potassium never be administered?

A

iv push

28
Q

hyperkalemia symptoms

A

nausea, vomiting, muscles aches, decreased DTR, paralysis, dysrhythmias, palpitations, extreme cases heart failure death

29
Q

hyponatremia symptoms

A

nausea, feeling unwell, cerebral edema, lethargy, confusion, headache, restlessness, irritability (critical) muscle twitching, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, coma, death

30
Q

hypernatremia

A

confusion, lethargy, irritability (critical) muscle twitching, level of consciousness changes, seizures, coma, death

31
Q

Hypercalcemia Assessment

A

moans, bones, stones, groans, overtones

32
Q

Why would a phosphate prescription be useful for hypercalcemia?

A

it blocks calcium absorption

33
Q

hypermagnasemia (slight)

A

nasuea, dizziness, weakness, confusion

34
Q

hypermagnasemia (severe)

A

muscle flaccid paralysis, decreased RR, hypotension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, seizures, coma, cardiac arrest, death

35
Q

causes of hyper magnasemia (level greater than 2.1 mEq/L)

A

kidney disease, excessive intake, medications, trauma, acidotic state, hypothyroidism, chronic alcohol disorder

36
Q

hypermagnesemia treatment

A

IV drugs to suppress Mg, hemodialysis, cardiac monitoring

37
Q

True or False? Mg+ has long half-life greater than 24 hours.

A

true

38
Q

magnesium normal level

A

1.3 - 0.5

39
Q

hypomagnesemia symptoms (mild)

A

nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, fatigue, weakness

40
Q

critical hypomagnesemia signs

A

neuromuscular changes, muscle cramps, spasticity, numbness, tingling, seizures, tetany, personality changes, cardiac dysrhythmias

41
Q

hypomagnesemia treatment

A

oral/IV replacement, correction of K+ and Ca+, increased dietary consumption

42
Q

precaution to take if administering IV magnesium?

A

check dose with another nirse and validate everything. adminsiter SLOWLY and monitor urine output

43
Q

ELECTROLYTE LAB VALUES

A

NA + 136-156
K+ 3.5- 5.0
Cl- 98-106
Ca2+ 9-10.5 mg/dL
P 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Mg2+ 1.3-2.1 mg/dL

44
Q

ABG

A

Ph 7.35 to 7.45

45
Q

PaCO2

A

35 to 45

46
Q

HCO3-

A

21 to 28 meql

47
Q

PaO2

A

80 to 100

48
Q

o2sat

A

95 100

49
Q
A

N134 (12 decks)

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