Respiration In Aerial Environments Flashcards
What type of respiratory system do most terrestrial animals have, e.g. insects?
Tracheal system - supply O2 to cells + remove CO2
Where does air enter in the tracheal system?
Spiracles
Where are the spiracles located?
Along thorax & abdomen
What is present at the end of each tracheal branch?
A fluid-filled tracheole
What do aquatic insects and larvae have compared to terrestrial insects?
Gills - maintain a link to surface using a siphon
What have the Chelicerata evolved?
Book lungs - a series of blood lamellae that resemble the pages of a book, held slightly apart by small peg-like structures
Describe amphibian lungs
Simple, saclike structures
Few folds = small SA for gas exchange
Give an example of an amphibian that has gills instead of lungs
Axolotl
Describe reptile lungs
Simple structure
Single folded & vascularised chamber (unicameral)
What type of respiration do some turtles use?
Cloacal respiration
What is a multicameral lung?
- Lung subdivided into several cavities with central cartilaginous branches running through them
- No alveoli
- No true diaphragm separating thorax & abdomen
Give 3 examples of animals that have multicameral lungs.
Monitor lizards
Turtles
Crocodiles
Give 4 features of the avian lung
- Smaller volume than those of equivalent sized mammal
- Series of air sacs
- No bind-ending alveoli
- Parabronchi & air capillaries present
How many cycles are needed to move air through the bird lung?
Two cycles of inhalation & exhalation
Do birds have a countercurrent or crosscurrent system?
Crosscurrent
