Normal to Cancer cells Flashcards
How many types if cancer cells are there?
200 because there are 200 different cell types
Most common cancers in the UK
Breast, lung, bowel, prostate
Is cancer generally a disease for young, middle, or old age.
Old age
What is the purpose of adult stem cells
To maintain tissue homeostasis
How long does a typical cell cycle take. and how long is the cell in S phase
24hrs. S phase takes between 2 and 6 hours
What is a promoter region and where are they found?
A region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are usually located near the genes they transcribe. Account for the differentiation in adult cells.
generally on the 5’ side of the gene
Once an organism is fully developed and has reached adult size how does it maintain its tissue in balance?
Homeostasis in a fully developed cells in regulated by the relationship between replacing dead/damaged cells and triggering apoptosis when it is needed.
Too much cell growth can causes neoplasia and too much cell death causes degenerative diseases.
What is neoplasia
Neoplasia is a term used in medicine to describe the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells, which can lead to the formation of a tumor. Neoplastic growth occurs when cells start to proliferate in an unregulated manner, often escaping the normal constraints and mechanisms that control cell division and cell death.
Give an example of adult stem cell working
The epidermis.
The basal layer cells are the adult stem cells in this tissue. They divide and produces other basal layer cells and prickle layer cells which
What is a normal adult stem cell
A cell which can differentiate and can self renew. When it divides, each daughter cell has a choice; it can either remain a stem cell like its parent, or it can embark on a course leading irreversibly to terminal differentiation.
The stem cell can give rise to all the differentiated cells of that tissue
Because stem cells are undifferentiated, they are difficult to identify.
The less a stem cell divides the better because during DNA replication cells can make errors and run the risk of acquiring mutations in growth control genes.
Definition and example of a totipotent stem cell
A stem cells which can produce all the cells of the embryo as well as the cells of the placenta. Zygote/fertilised egg
Definition of a Pluripotent stem cell
Cells which produce all 3 of the layers in the blastocyst. go on to differentiate into all the cell types within the body.
Definition a multipotent stem cell
A cell which can divide to Differentiate the cells of a specific tissue/ organ
