Musculoskeletal System study guide

Question 1

Know what the skeletal system provides for the body?

Answer 1

Structural support.

Question 2

Know what the musculoskeletal system consists of?

Answer 2

Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments, and Bones.

Question 3

Know what bone marrow produces?

Answer 3

All blood cells.

Question 4

Know what is stored in bone marrow?

Answer 4

Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P)

Question 5

Know what are the various types of bone.

Answer 5

Compact and Spongy

Question 6

Know what are the various types of muscles.

Answer 6

Cardiac, Skeletal, and smooth

Question 7

Know what is the function of muscles.

Answer 7

Aids in movement and coordination

Question 8

Know what is a common form of joint disease?

Answer 8

Osteoarthritis

Question 9

Know what the result of osteoarthritis is,
the areas it affects,
and is it curable?

Answer 9

Loss of normal cushioning,
Knees, hips, spine, hands, and feet
there is no cure, but slowing the degeneration is possible

Question 10

Know what the various treatments are for osteoarthritis?

Answer 10

Occupational and physical therapy and taking care of yourself
Oral NSAIDs
& Steroid injections

Question 11

Know what the result of misuse of Acetaminophen is?

Answer 11

Common cause of liver failure

Question 12

Know where aspirin comes from and when it was first marketed?

Answer 12

Aspirin comes from the willow tree
By Bayer company in 1899

Question 13

Know what are the classifications of aspirin and its indications.

Answer 13

Analgesic- treats Pain
Antipyretic- reduces fever
Anti-Inflammatory- reduces inflammation
Anticoagulant- Prevents blood clots

Question 14

Know what type of individual aspirin is contraindicated for?

Answer 14

Young children and teenagers

Question 15

Know what Reye’s syndrome is?

Answer 15

A life-threatening disorder affecting the liver and brain, but it can affect any organ

Question 16

Know what cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme is?

Answer 16

COX-1 Promotes platelet aggregation, metabolic function
COX-2 At the site of injury it releases prostaglandin which is responsible for pain, heat, and inflammation that is part of the healing process

Question 17

Know what is the correct auxiliary label to be placed on the medication container for NSAIDs?

Answer 17

Take with food

Question 18

Know what side effects COX-1, and COX-2 inhibitors produce?

Answer 18

COX-1: Gastric ulceration, bleeding, renal damage
COX-2: Long-term use can result in hypertension, edema, and congestive heart failure.

Question 19

Know what is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?

Answer 19

They attach to the receptor site on the opioid target cell in the brain and changes the perception of pain at CNS and spinal cord level

Question 20

Know what CII narcotic analgesics cause?

Answer 20

Sedation and respiratory depression

Question 21

Know what conditions and symptoms are of osteoporosis?

Answer 21

Systemic skeletal disease
low bone mass and deterioration, bones become brittle and easily fractured
The danger is a bone fracture
Affects postmenopausal women more

Question 22

Know what can prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 22

Lifestyle changes, exercise, diet, smoking cessation, calcium, and vitamin D supplements

Question 23

Know what 15 minutes of sunlight twice weekly can provide?

Answer 23

Supply of enough vitamin D for the body.

Question 24

Know what will result in long-term use of corticosteroids?

Answer 24

Excessive thyroid hormones promote osteoporosis

Question 25

Know what gouty arthritis is, and how it occurs?

Answer 25

It is an acute attack build-up of uric acid in the blood.
Uric acid crystals lead to inflammation and pain

Question 26

Know what are some natural methods to treat osteoporosis?

Answer 26

Weight loss, abstaining from alcohol, diets low in beef, lamb, and pork

Question 27

Know what drug classification is used to treat osteoporosis?

Answer 27

NSAIDs, Colchicine, and Corticosteroid.

Question 28

Know why muscle relaxants are indicated.

Answer 28

Injuries to the musculoskeletal system.

Question 29

Know what is the mechanism of action of neuromuscular blockers.

Answer 29

Relax skeletal muscles to induce paralysis.

Question 30

Know what type of neuromuscular blockers and their efficacy.

Answer 30

Depolarizing: Succinylcholine
Non-Depolarizing: It blocks receptor activation preventing neural transmission of impulses to the muscles.