midterm 2

Question 1

Nerves

Answer 1

Bundles of peripheral nerves held together by serveral layers of connective tissues

Question 2

Tracts

Answer 2

bundles of nerve fibers

Question 3

White matter

Answer 3

bundles of myelinated fibers; in the PNS it consist of myelinated nerves; in the CNS it consists of myelinated tracts

Question 4

Gray matter

Answer 4

made of cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

Question 5

Nuclei

Answer 5

small distinct regions of gray matter w/in the CNS

Question 6

Ganglia

Answer 6

similar regions of gray matter in the peripheral nerves

Question 7

Resting membrane potential (RMP)

Answer 7

Polarized; membrane voltage when the neuron is not excited and not conducting an impulse

Question 8

Action potential

Answer 8

depolarized; temporary maxium depolarization of membrane voltage that travels to end of axon w/out losing amplitude

Question 9

Synapse

Answer 9

is the place where signals are transmitted from one neuron (presynaptic neuron) to another neuron (postsynaptic neuron)

Question 10

3 structures make up a chemical synapse

Answer 10

1)a synaptic knob 2)a synaptic cleft 3) the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron

Question 11

An axon may form a synapse at any of several points along a postsynaptic neuron

Answer 11

at the dendrite (axodendritic synapses), at the soma (axosomatic synapses), at the axon (axoaxonic synapses)

Question 12

Meninges

Answer 12

the inner coverings consists of membranes

Question 13

3 distinct layers compose the meninges

Answer 13

1) Dura mater 2)Arachnoid mater 3)Pia mater

Question 14

Dura mater

Answer 14

made of strong white fiibrous tissue serves as the outer layer of the meninges and also as the inner periosteum of the cranial bones

Question 15

Arachnoid mater

Answer 15

a delicate, cobweb like layer lies btwn the dura mater and the pia mater or intermost layer of the meninges

Question 16

Pia mater

Answer 16

transparent layer adheres to the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord and contains blood vessels

Question 17

Three spaces btwn and around the meninges

Answer 17

1)epidural space 2)subdural space 3) subarachnoid space

Question 18

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 18

Serves as a supportive, protective cushion to the brain and spinal cord; it also serves as a reservoir of circulating fluid , that along with the blood, the brain monitors for changes in the internal enviroment

Question 19

Ventricles

Answer 19

four large, fluid-like spaces w/in the brain

Question 20

1st and 2nd ventricle

Answer 20

the lateral ventricles are located on in each hemispere of the cerebrum

Question 21

Internuerons

Answer 21

conduct impulses from afferent nuerons to or toward motor nuerons

Question 22

Functional classification of nuerons in a reflex arc

Answer 22

Nuerons can be classified according to the direction in which they conduct impulses; Stimulus -Receptor- Afferent - CNS- internueron- efferent - effector -response