Stages of Psychosocial Development

Question 1

one component part arises out of another and has its own time of ascendancy, but it does not entirely replace earlier components

Answer 1

epigenetic principle

Question 2

a conflict between a syntonic (harmonious) element and a dystonic (disruptive) element.

Answer 2

interaction of opposites

Question 3

a syntonic tendency

Answer 3

basic trust

Question 4

a dystonic tendency

Answer 4

basic mistrust

Question 5

the conflict between the dystonic and syntonic elements produces an ego quality or ego strength, which referred to as a ______

Answer 5

basic strength

Question 6

too little basic strength at any one stage results in a ________ for that stage

Answer 6

core pathology

Question 7

“a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential”

Answer 7

identity crisis

Question 8

a time of incorporation, with infants “taking in” not only through their mouth but through their various sense organs as well.

Answer 8

infancy

Question 9

a phrase that includes infants’ principal psychosexual mode of adapting.

Answer 9

Oral-Sensory Mode

Question 10

If infants pattern of accepting things corresponds with culture’s way of giving things, then infants
learn ______

Answer 10

basic trust

Question 11

If infants found no correspondence
between their oral-sensory needs and their environment.

Answer 11

basic mistrust

Question 12

If infants do not develop sufficient hope during infancy, they will demonstrate
the antithesis or the opposite of hope

Answer 12

—withdrawal

Question 13

It emerges from the conflict between basic trust and basic mistrust.

Answer 13

hope

Question 14

young children receive pleasure not only from mastering the sphincter muscle but also from mastering other
body functions such as urinating, walking, throwing, holding, and so on.

Answer 14

Early Childhood

Question 15

At this time, children learn to control their body, especially in relation to cleanliness and mobility.

Answer 15

anal–urethral–muscular mode

Question 16

As children stubbornly express their anal–urethral–muscular mode,
they are likely to find a culture that attempts to inhibit some of their self-expression.

Answer 16

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

Question 17

Children develop this only when their environment allows them some self expression in their control of sphincters and other muscles.

Answer 17

will

Question 18

When child’s experiences
result in too much shame and doubt, children do not adequately develop this second
important basic strength. Inadequate will is expressed as _____

Answer 18

compulsion

Question 19

Erikson’s third stage of development, a period covering the same time
as Freud’s phallic phase—roughly ages 3–5.

Answer 19

Play Age

Question 20

The interest that play-age children have in genital activity is accompanied by
their increasing facility at locomotion.

Answer 20

Genital-Locomotor Mode

Question 21

The conflict of initiative versus guilt produces the basic strength of _____

Answer 21

purpose

Question 22

_____, which is the antipathy of purpose, constitutes the core pathology of the play age.

Answer 22

Inhibition

Question 23

covers development from about age 6 to approximately age 12 or 13 and matches the latency years of Freud’s theory

Answer 23

School Age

Question 24

a syntonic quality, means industriousness, a willingness to remain busy with
something and to finish a job

Answer 24

Industry

Question 25

children develop a sense of industry, but if their
work is insufficient to accomplish their goals, they acquire a sense of ________

Answer 25

inferiority

Question 26

the confidence to use one’s physical and cognitive abilities to solve the problems that accompany school age.

Answer 26

competence

Question 27

the antithesis of competence and the core pathology of the school age

If the struggle between industry and inferiority favors either inferiority or an
overabundance of industry, children are likely to give up and regress to an earlier
stage of development.

Answer 27

inertia

Question 28

the period from puberty to young adulthood, is one of the most crucial
developmental stages because, by the end of this period, a person must gain a firm
sense of ego identity.

Answer 28

Adolescence

Question 29

is defined both positively and negatively, as adolescents are deciding what they want
to become and what they believe while also discovering what they do not wish to be and what they do
not believe.

Answer 29

Identity

Question 30

a syndrome of problems
that includes a divided self-image, an inability to establish intimacy, a sense of time
urgency, a lack of concentration on required tasks, and a rejection of family or community standards.

Answer 30

Identity confusion

Question 31

The basic strength emerging from adolescent identity crises is _______, or faith in one’s
ideology.

Answer 31

fidelity

Question 32

the core pathology
of adolescence that blocks one’s ability to synthesize various self-images and values
into a workable identity.

Answer 32

role repudiation,

Question 32

is an extreme lack of self-trust or self-confidence
and is expressed as shyness or hesitancy to express oneself. In contrast, defiance is
the act of rebelling against authority.

Answer 32

Diffidence

Question 33

the act of rebelling against authority.

Answer 33

defiance

Question 33

a time from about age 19 to 30—is circumscribed
not so much by time as by the acquisition of intimacy at the beginning of the stage and
the development of generativity at the end.

Answer 33

Young adulthood

Question 34

can develop only during young
adulthood when it is distinguished by mutual trust and a stable sharing of sexual satisfactions with a loved person.

Answer 34

genitality

Question 35

the ability to fuse one’s identity with that of another person without fear
of losing it.

Answer 35

Intimacy

Question 36

defined as “the ­incapacity
to take chances with one’s identity by sharing true intimacy”

Answer 36

isolation

Question 36

mature devotion that overcomes
basic differences between men and women.

Answer 36

love

Question 36

becomes pathological when it blocks one’s ability to cooperate,
compete, or compromise—all prerequisite ingredients for intimacy and love.

Answer 36

Exclusivity

Question 37

when people begin to
take their place in society and assume responsibility for whatever society produces.
For most people, this is the longest stage of development, spanning the years from
about age 31 to 60.

Answer 37

Adulthood

Question 37

refers to more than genital contact with an intimate partner.
It includes assuming responsibility for the care of offspring that result from that
sexual contact

Answer 37

procreativity

Question 38

The generational
cycle of productivity and creativity is crippled when people become too absorbed
in themselves, too self-indulgent.

Answer 38

stagnation

Question 38

“a widening commitment to take care of the persons,
the products, and the ideas one has learned to care for”

Answer 38

care

Question 39

the unwillingness to take
care of certain persons or groups

Answer 39

Rejectivity

Question 40

means to take pleasure in a
variety of different physical sensations—sights, sounds, tastes, odors, embraces, and
perhaps genital stimulation.

It may also include a greater appreciation for the traditional lifestyle of the opposite sex.

Answer 40

Generalized Sensuality

Question 40

defined as the period from about age 60 to the end of life.

Answer 40

Old Age

Question 41

literally means to be without hope

Answer 41

Despair

Question 41

means a feeling of wholeness
and coherence, an ability to hold together one’s sense of “I-ness” despite diminishing
physical and intellectual powers.

Answer 41

Integrity

Question 42

defined as “informed and detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself”

Answer 42

wisdom

Question 43

defined as “a reaction to feeling (and seeing others) in an
increasing state of being finished, confused, helpless.”

Answer 43

disdain