Introduction To Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a hazard?

A

A hazard is any situation, object or behavior that has the potential to cause injury, ill health or damage to property or the environment.

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2
Q

Describe how risks can be reduced or minimized in the laboratory.

A

Risks can be reduced or minimized in the laboratory by eliminating dangerous situations where possible, establishing clean and safe work habits, taking proper precautions at all times, and maintaining awareness of good safety practices.

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3
Q

What are hazard symbols used for in the laboratory?

A

Hazard symbols are used to show the dangers associated with using chemical reagents and some home products in the laboratory.

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4
Q

explain the meaning of the corrosive hazard symbol.

A

the corrosive hazard symbol indicates that a substance may cause burns to the skin and damage to the eyes. It may also corrode metals.

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5
Q

How should one handle substances with the acutely toxic/toxic hazard symbol?

A

Substances with the acutely toxic/toxic hazard symbol should be avoided for ingestion and skin contact.

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6
Q

What precautions should be taken when handling substances with the explosive hazard symbol?

A

Substances with the explosive hazard symbol should be kept away from potential ignition sources such as fire, heat, shock, or friction.

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7
Q

Define the environmental hazard symbol.

A

The environmental hazard symbol indicates substances that are toxic to aquatic organisms or may cause long-term environmental effects. They should be disposed of responsibly.

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8
Q

Describe one way to prevent hazards in the workplace.

A

Always wear personal protective equipment or the appropriate gear when working at a work site.

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9
Q

What should be done immediately to clean a chemical spill on the floor of a work site?

A

The spill should be cleaned immediately with the appropriate cleaning agent. For instance, a base should be used to clean an acidic spill.

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10
Q

How should chemicals be stored and handled at a work site?

A

Chemicals should be stored and handled properly.

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10
Q

What precaution should be taken regarding smoking at a work site?

A

Smoking should be prohibited at the work site, especially if there are flammables or explosive materials on site.

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10
Q

Describe one way to prevent hazards in the home.

A

Drugs and household cleaning agents, e.g., bleach, should be kept in closed cabinets or safely away from the reach of children.

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11
Q

What safety equipment should be provided at vantage points in case of fire outbreaks at a work site?

A

Fire extinguishers and fire blankets should be provided at vantage points to ensure easy access during fire outbreaks.

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11
Q

What should be done immediately to prevent slipping on a kitchen floor?

A

Spills on the kitchen floor should be cleaned immediately to prevent slipping.

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11
Q

How should the kitchen space be organized to prevent hazards?

A

The kitchen space should be properly organized. Knives and sharp objects should be kept somewhere strategic.

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11
Q

What should be done with electronics or home appliances with exposed cords(wires)?

A

They should be replaced or discarded.

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12
Q

What safety equipment should be provided at vantage points in the home for easy access during fire outbreaks?

A

Fire extinguishers and fire blankets should be provided at vantage points for easy access during fire outbreaks.

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13
Q

Define first aid.

A

First aid refers to the immediate care you should provide when a person is injured or ill to stabilize him/her (or prevent the condition or illness from worsening) until full medical treatment is available.

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13
Q

Name one equipment/tool/material found in a first aid box/kit and its use.

A

Medical plaster is used to cover small cuts and grazes.

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14
Q

What are roller bandages used for in first aid?

A

Roller bandages are used to hold dressing in place, to apply pressure and stop bleeding. They can also be used to hold ice packs in place to reduce swelling.

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15
Q

Why are disposable gloves worn in first aid situations?

A

Disposable gloves are worn to reduce the risk of infection from the casualty.

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16
Q

Describe the use of cotton wool in wound care.

A

Cotton wool is used as dressings or swabs to clean around the wound.

17
Q

What is the purpose of using scissors in first aid?

A

Scissors are used to cut bandages or plasters to the required length.

18
Q

Define the use of cotton gauze in wound care.

A

Cotton gauze is used for covering and protecting wounds

19
Q

What is the function of a gallipot in a medical setting?

A

A gallipot is used for holding medicine or ointment.

20
Q

How is gentian violet used in medical settings?

A

Gentian violet is used for dressing cuts.

20
Q

What are safety pins commonly used for in first aid?

A

Safety pins are used for fastening plasters, bandages, or other materials together.

21
Q

When should a face shield be worn in a laboratory?

A

A face shield should be worn when working with mild acids, air or water reactive, or potentially explosive chemicals to protect the face of the scientist.

21
Q

Describe the purpose of gloves in laboratory work.

A

Gloves (chemical resistant, corrosive resistant) are worn by scientists during experiments to protect against chemical splash hazards or direct contact with hazardous materials.

22
Q

What is the primary function of goggles in a laboratory?

A

Goggles are worn for eye protection, especially when working with small to large volumes of acutely toxic corrosives.

23
Q

Why are laboratory coats worn by scientists?

A

Laboratory coats are worn to protect the skin from direct contact with hazardous materials.

24
Q

What is the purpose of gas masks/respirators in a laboratory?

A

Gas masks/respirators protect the scientist from inhalation of infectious materials, dusty environments, and chemical vapors.

25
Q

Describe the use of head caps and shoe covers in a laboratory.

A

Head caps and shoe covers are worn for economical protection in hygienic work environments and protection from dirt or dust.

26
Q

What is the purpose of hearing protection/ear buds in a laboratory?

A

Hearing protection/ear buds are worn to protect the ears from excessive noise, especially when operating or around laboratory equipment that generates a lot of noise.

27
Q

What is the primary function of footwear designed for laboratory use?

A

Footwear designed for laboratory use covers the entire foot of the scientist and is normally impervious to chemical penetration.

28
Q

How should corrosives be stored?

A

Corrosives should be kept below shoulder height and not stored on high shelves.

28
Q

What is the recommended storage method for inorganic acids?

A

Store in a corrosive storage cabinet or in secondary containment.

28
Q

Describe how chemical storage shelves should be secured to prevent bottles from falling off during an earthquake.

A

Chemical storage shelves should be securely fastened to the wall and have lips.

28
Q

What should be done with chemicals after use?

A

Chemicals should be returned to their original locations after use.

29
Q

Describe the recommended storage method for inorganic acids.

A

Store in a corrosive storage cabinet or in secondary containment.

29
Q

What are some examples of inorganic acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid.

30
Q

How should explosives be stored in a laboratory?

A

In a secure location away from all other chemicals.

30
Q

Define oxidizers and describe their recommended storage method.

A

Oxidizers are chemicals that can cause other substances to combust. They should be stored in secondary containment, separate from flammable materials.

31
Q

Describe the first aid treatment for burns in a laboratory.

A

The burned area should be washed with large amounts of clean cold water for a reasonable amount of time and covered with a clean dry bandage or cloth. Seek prompt medical attention.

31
Q

What are some common flammable liquids?

A

Acetone, benzene, ethanol.

32
Q

What can cause discomfort in a laboratory due to inhalation?

A

Inhalation of gases/vapour from a reaction mixture, such as sulphur dioxide or bromine.

33
Q

What should you do if there is a small wound or cut by broken glass apparatus?

A

Wash and clean the wound with an alcohol wipe or disinfectant. Cover the wound with gauze or clean dressing. This should be changed frequently until the wound is healed.

34
Q

How should you treat a large wound or cut?

A

Endeavour to cut the flow of blood. Apply pressure on the wound by pressing firmly directly on it. Tie a pad material firmly over the wound with a bandage or a clean cloth. Seek prompt medical attention.

35
Q

How can small fires be extinguished?

A

Fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and sand buckets are suitable for extinguishing small fires in homes, kitchens, schools, and laboratories.

35
Q

What steps should you take if someone experiences an electric shock?

A

Turn off the electricity supply. Use a non conducting material to detach the person from the electricity source. Make the person comfortable with little movement as possible. Check the person’s pulse and also check to see if he or she is breathing. Perform artificial respiration if he or she is not breathing. Seek prompt medical attention.

36
Q

Describe the different types of fire extinguishers.

A

Dry chemical extinguisher: suitable for dousing class A, B and C fires. Carbon dioxide extinguisher: suitable for dousing class B and C fires. Water extinguisher: suitable for dousing Class A fires. Foam fire extinguisher: suitable for dousing Class A and B fires. Soda fire extinguisher.

36
Q

How do you use a fire blanket?

A

1) Remove the fire blanket (by pulling down sharply on the tops hanging from the bottom of the package.) 2) Protect your hands. Roll the corners of the blanket over your hands to protect them. 3) Shielding your face, Place the blanket over the fire. Do not throw it, but lay it down gently. 4) Turn off any heat source, such as stove burner. 5) Leave the blanket in place for at least 15 minutes until the fire is suffocated. Do not attempt to remove the blanket until it cools down.

37
Q

What should you do if someone’s clothes are on fire?

A

Have the person stop, drop and roll. Instruct him or her to cover his or her face while rolling. Wrap someone whose clothes are burning in the fire blanket. Seek medical assistance.

38
Q

What is the acronym PASS used for in using a fire extinguisher?

A

PASS stands for Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle, Squeeze the lever, and Sweep back and forth.