2.4 Conservation and management of energy resources

Question 1

strategies for the efficient management of energy resources

6

Answer 1

• reducing consumption
• energy from waste cooking oil
• exploiting existing energy sources
• education of people for energy consumption
• transport policies
• fracking

Question 2

• reducing consumption

Answer 2

• using insulation
• turning electrical devices off
• using energy-efficient devices and vehicles

Question 3

• energy from waste

Answer 3

• cooking oil can be recycled into biofuel
• anaerobic respiration of waste produces methane which is flammable that can be used for heating purposes

Question 4

• exploiting existing energy sources

Answer 4

use other sources of energy available within the country

Question 5

education

Answer 5

• Educating people from a very young age about the need to save energy
• Educating consumers about strategies to reduce consumption by changing their behavior can lead to dramatic results.
• Energy-efficiency ratings must be provided for new products to compare with the old ones.

Question 6

transport policies

Answer 6

• restrictions on where vehicles may go,
• number of vehicles owned by individuals,
• taxation on fuels,
• providing grant to vehicles using cleaner technology (solar energy, electrical power cars)

Question 7

fracking

Answer 7

• obtaining oil or gas from shale rock by splitting them open using water, sand and chemicals.

Question 8

process of fracking

Answer 8

1. A vertical hole (2-3 km deep) is drilled to reach the fuel-rich rocks (shale rocks).
2. Water, sand and chemicals are pumped down into the shale rock layer.
3. This causes the rock to fracture, releasing oil and natural gas, which are forced back to the surface and collected.

Question 9

Purpose of the three components in fracking:

Answer 9

Water: easy to handle (in high pressure).
Chemicals: stop the blockage of pipes.
Sand: keeps the cracks in the rock open

Question 10

ad and dis of fracking

Answer 10

Advantages
* Access to more oil and gas;
* Less pollution than burning coal
* The need to import is reduced;
* Provide many jobs locally.

disadvantage
* Chemicals are toxic and may affect local residents;
* Uses a lot of water; may cause water scarcity;
* Noise pollution;
* Natural areas damaged;
* May cause additional Earth tremors (shaking (man-made earthquakes))