Herbicides and Fungicides Flashcards
The carcinogenicity observed with some phenoxy herbicides is though to be due to contamination with what compound?
Dioxin (TCDD)
Toxic effects associated with phenoxy herbicide poisoning are due to:
Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria
The caustic nature of these agents
The dog is the most sensitive species to toxicities associated with phenoxy herbicide poisoning exposure. What potential mechanism explains this increased sensitivity when compared to other species?
Decreased renal elimination leading to a longer half-life and greater exposure.
Paraquat toxicity differs from diquat toxicity primarily due to:
Selective accumulation of paraquat in the lungs.
Diquat and paraquat are both thought to exert a toxic effect thru the generation of what?
Reactive oxygen species
Glyphosate toxicity
Caused by irritating effects of anionic surfactants included in formulations
Glyphosate Tx
Decontamination and supportive care
Does glyphosate undergo metabolism?
Minimal
Which herbicide has a low tox but is often mixed with other herbicides and is known to be a peroxisome proliferator in rodents?
Dicamba
Major issue associated with triazine and triazole tox:
Grazing of livestock on recently treated pasture
Tox characteristic of Captan (chloroalkylthiodicarboximides)
Fungicide
Low protein diet can increase sensitivity to toxicosis
Toxicity of 2-methyoxymethylmercury chloride (metallic fungicides)
Immunotoxic and Neurotoxic
Characteristic of Thiram (carbamic acid derivatives)
Smells like rotten eggs
Used as an animal repellant
Tox signs of pentachlorophenol (halogenated substituted monocyclic aromatics)
Excitation and seiure caused with high acute doses
What are the differences between paraquat and diquat with regards to MOA?
