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DH 120 - Radiography > LO 9 > Flashcards

LO 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe cortical bone

A
  1. Derived from the Latin word cortex and means outer layer - is the dense outer layer of bone
  2. Also known as compact bone
  3. Appears radio opaque
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2
Q

Describe cancellous bone

A
  1. Derived from Latin and means arranged like a lattice
  2. Soft, spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone
  3. Composed of many numerous bony trabeculae that form a lattice like Network
  4. The larger the trabeculations, the more radiolucent the area of cancellous bone appears
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3
Q

A bone ______ is a marked prominence or projection

A

Process

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4
Q

A ______ is a linear prominence or projection

A

Ridge

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5
Q

_______ is a sharp, thorn-like projection

A

Spine

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6
Q

________ is a small bump or nodule

A

Tubercle

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7
Q

______ is a rounded prominence

A

Tuberosity

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8
Q

A ______ is a tube like passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels

A

Canal

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9
Q

A ________ is an opening or hole that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels

A

Foramen

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10
Q

A ______ is a broad, shallow, scooped out, or depressed area

A

Fossa

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11
Q

A ______ is a hollow space, cavity, or recess

A

Sinus

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12
Q

A ______ is a bony wall or partition that divides two spaces around cavities - radio opaque

A

Septum

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13
Q

A _______ is an immovable joint representing a line or Union between adjoining bones of the skull - a thin radiolucent line

A

Suture

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14
Q

The upper jaw is composed of two paired Bones called the ______ that meet at the midline of the face

A

Maxillae

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15
Q

The _____ form the orbit of the eye, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, and hard palate

A

Maxillae

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16
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the maxilla?

A
  1. Incisive foramen
  2. Superior foramina of the incisive canal
  3. Median palatal suture
  4. Lateral fossa
  5. Nasal cavity
  6. Nasal septum
  7. Floor of nasal cavity
  8. Anterior nasal spine
  9. Inferior nasal conchae
  10. Maxillary sinus - SEPTA within the maxillary sinus, nutrient canals within the maxillary sinus
  11. Inverted y
  12. Maxillary tuberosity
  13. Hamulus
  14. Zygomatic process of the maxilla
  15. Zygoma
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17
Q

Describe the median palatal suture (median Palatine suture) and how it appears on radiograph

A
  1. The immovable joint between the two Palatine processes of the maxilla
  2. A thin radio Lucent line between the maxillary Central incisors
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18
Q

Describe lateral fossa and how it appears on the radiograph

A
  1. A smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the canine and lateral incisors
  2. A radio loosen area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisors
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19
Q

Describe the nasal cavity and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla - the inferior portion is formed by the palatal process of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the Palatine bones
  2. Appears as a v-shaped radiolucine area superior to the maxillary incisors, may also be seen on intraoral images
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20
Q

Describe the nasal septum and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A vertical bony wall or petition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left nasal fossae
  2. Formed by the vomer and a portion of the ethmoid bone and cartilage
  3. A vertical radio pink partition that divides the nasal cavity
  4. May also be seen on intraoral images
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21
Q

Describe the floor of the nasal cavity and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal partitions of Palatine bones
  2. Appears as a dense radio opaque band of bone above the maxillary incisors
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22
Q

Describe the interior nasal spine and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
  2. A v-shaped radio opaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum, may also be seen on intraoral images
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23
Q

Describe the inferior nasal conchae and how they appear on a radiograph

A
  1. Wafer thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
  2. Conchae means shell-shaped or scroll shaped
  3. Appears as a diffuse radio opaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity
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24
Q

Describe the maxillary sinus and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla
  2. Located above the maxillary premolar and molar teeth
  3. Only see the floor of the sinuses
  4. Appears as paired radio loosen areas located superior to the apices of
  5. May also be seen on intraoral images
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25
Q

Describe the SEPTA within the maxillary sinus and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Bony walls or partitions that appear to divide the maxillary sinus into compartments
  2. Appears as radio opaque lines within the maxillary sinus
  3. Presents and number vary depending on the anatomy of the individual
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26
Q

Describe the nutrient canals within the maxillary sinus and how they appear on a radiograph

A
  1. Tiny, tube like passageways through the bone that contain blood vessels and nerves
  2. Appear as a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two thin radio opaque lines
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27
Q

Describe the inverted y and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. The intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity
  2. Appears as a radio opaque upside down why formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus
  3. Located above the maxillary canine
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28
Q

Describe the maxillary tuberosity and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Around and prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region
  2. Appears on a radiograph as a radio opaque bulge distilled to the third molar region
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29
Q

Describe the hamulus and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A small hook-like projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
  2. A radio opaque hook-like projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area
  3. May also be seen on intraoral images
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30
Q

Describe the psychomatic process of the maxilla and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma or malar (cheek) bone
  2. Appears as a j or u-shaped radio opacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region
  3. May also be seen on intraoral images
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31
Q

Describe the zygoma and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Articulates with a zygomatic process of the maxilla
  2. Appears as a diffuse, radio opaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
  3. May also be seen on intraoral images
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32
Q

Describe the angle of the mandible and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Angle formed where the horizontal lower edge of the body meets the perpendicular posterior edge of the ramus
  2. Appears radio opaque where the ramus joins the body of the mandible not visible on intraoral images
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33
Q

Describe the inferior border of the mandible and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Thick, linear prominence of cortical bone that defines the lower border of the mandible
  2. Appears as a dense radio opaque band that outlines the lower border of the mandible, may also be viewed on intraoral images
34
Q

Describe genial tubercles and how they appear on a radiograph

A
  1. Tiny bumps of bone that are located on the lingual aspect of the mandible
  2. Appear as a ring shaped radio opacity surrounding the lingual foramen
  3. May also be viewed on intraoral images
35
Q

Describe the lingual foramen and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible
  2. Surrounded by the genial tubercles
  3. Appears as a small radiolucent dot inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors
  4. May also be viewed on intraoral images
36
Q

Describe the nutrient canals all teeth have and describe how they appear on a radiograph

A
  1. Tube like passageways through bone containing nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth
  2. Most often seen in interior mandible
  3. Appear as vertical radio lucid lines readily seen in areas of thin bone
37
Q

Describe the mental ridge and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible that extends from the premolar region to the midline
  2. Appears asa thick radio opaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region
  3. Often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth
  4. May also be viewed on intraoral images
38
Q

Describe mental fossa and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A scooped out, depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible
  2. Appears as a radio loosen area above the mental ridge
  3. May also be viewed on intraoral images
39
Q

Describe the mental foramen and how it appears on radiographs

A
  1. An opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars
  2. Appears as a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars
  3. Frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion
  4. May also be viewed on intraoral images
40
Q

Describe the mylohyoid ridge and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Mylo means molar
  2. A linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends from the third molar region downward and forward toward the apical area of the premolars
  3. May also be viewed on intraoral images
  4. Below the six before the 5:00
  5. Stops before the mental foramen
41
Q

Describe the mandibular canal and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A tube like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible
  2. Houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels
  3. Appears as a radiolucent band outlined by two thin radiopic lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal
  4. Medial to the mental foramen
  5. May also be viewed on intraoral images
42
Q

Describe the internal and external oblique ridge

A
  1. A linear prominence of bone located on the internal and external surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus
  2. Appears as a radio opaque band that extends downward and forward from the ramus
  3. When both appear, the external oblique ridge is superior to the internal oblique ridge
  4. May also be viewed on intraoral images
43
Q

Describe the submandibular fossa and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A scooped out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge
  2. Appears as a radio loosen area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge
44
Q

Describe the coronoid process and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Send prominence of bone that is shaped like a crow’s beak and is found on the anterior-superior ramus of the mandible
  2. Appears as a triangular radio opacity posterior to the maxillary tuberosity region
  3. Maybe seen on a maxillary molar periapical image
45
Q

Describe the supporting structures of teeth and how they appear on a radiograph

A
  1. Lamina dura - the wall of tooth socket, it is dense cortical bone and radio opaque
  2. Alveolar crust - the most coronal part of the alveolar bone found between the teeth. It is dense cortical bone and is continuous with the lamina dura (radio opaque)
  3. PDL space - the space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura. Contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics appears as a thin radiocucent line around the root of the tooth, in a healthy periodontum, the PDL space appears as a continuous radiolucent line of uniform thickness
46
Q

Describe the lamina dura and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Wall of the tooth socket - made of dense cortical bone
  2. Appears as a dense radio opaque line that surrounds the root of the tooth
47
Q

Describe the periodontal ligament space and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. The space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura
  2. A thin radiolucent line around the root of the tooth
48
Q

Describe the anterior region of the alveolar bone and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Normal alveolar Crest appears pointed and sharp between the teeth
  2. Alveolar crest appears as a dense radio opaque line in the anterior region
49
Q

Describe the posterior regions of alveolar bone and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Normal alveolar Crest appears flattened smooth between the teeth
  2. The alveolar Crest appears less dense unless radio opaque then the alveolar crustine in the anterior region
50
Q

What is a film mount?

A
  1. Maybe cardboard, plastic, or vinyl
  2. Used to support an arrange dental radiographs in anatomic order
  3. Could be opaque or clear - and opaque Mount masks surrounding light
  4. Available in many sizes and configurations
51
Q

To _____ is to place in an appropriate setting, as for display or study

A

Mount

52
Q

The placement of radiographs in a supporting structure or holder is _____ in dental radiography

A

Film mounting

53
Q

What is the who, when, and where of mounting dental radiographs?

A
  1. Any trains dental professional who is qualified May Mount films
  2. Should be mounted after processing
  3. Requires a clean, dry, light colored work surface in front of an Illuminator or view box
54
Q

What is the reason for using a film mount?

A
  1. Makes radiographs quicker and easier to view and interpret
  2. Easy to store and available for interpretation
  3. Decreases chances of error in determining the patient’s right and left side
  4. Decreases handling of individual films and prevents damage to the emulsion
  5. Masks illumination adjacent to individual radiographs
55
Q

What information should be placed on a film mount?

A
  1. The patient’s full name
  2. Date of exposure
  3. The dentist’s name
  4. The radiographer’s name
  5. The number and type of films exposed
56
Q

How are films mounted using digital imaging?

A
  1. Most digital imaging systems allow for the dental radiographer to choose the appropriate sized mount
  2. Usually a template
  3. The mouse should be labeled with the patient’s full name in the date of exposure
57
Q

Identification of landmarks helps distinguish _______ films from _______ films

A
  1. Maxillary periapical
  2. Mandibular periodical
58
Q

What are the two mounting methods with films?

A
  1. Labial mounting - when viewing as if you are outside of the patient facing in
  2. Lingual mounting - the films are viewed as if you’re standing on the patient’s tongue (not used anymore!)
59
Q

Who fuse the dental films?

A
  1. All members of the dental team may interpret radiographs
  2. It is the responsibility of the dentist to establish a final or definitive interpretation and diagnosis
60
Q

What equipment is used for viewing film?

A
  1. A light source - should be large enough to accommodate a variety of mounted films; the light should be of uniform intensity and evenly diffused
  2. Magnification - a magnifying glass may help interpretation
61
Q

What is the purpose of taking radiographs?

A

Examine films in sequential order for:
1. Unerupted, missing, and impacted teeth
2. Dental caries and the size and shape of the pulp cavities
3. Bony changes, the level of alveolar bone, and calculus
4. Roots and periapical areas
5. Remaining areas

62
Q

Describe the styloid process and how it appears on radiographs

A
  1. Long, pointed, and sharp projection of bone that extends downward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone
  2. Appears as a Long radio opaque spine that extends from the temporal bone anterior to the mastoid process
  3. Not seen on intraoral images
63
Q

Describe the external auditory meatus and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. A hole, or opening, in the temporal bone located Superior and anterior to the mastoid process
  2. Appears as around or ovoid radiolucency anderior and superior to the mastoid process
  3. Not seen on intraoral images
64
Q

Describe the glenoid fossa and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Concave, depressed area of the temporal bone
  2. Appears as a concave radio opacity superior to the mandibular condyle
  3. Not seen on intraoral images
65
Q

Describe the articular Eminence and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Rounded projection of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa
  2. Appears is a rounded opaque projection of bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa
  3. Not seen on intraoral images
66
Q

Describe the hard palate and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Bony wall that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
  2. Appears as a horizontal, radio opaque band superior to the apices of the maxillary teeth
  3. May also be seen on intraoral images
67
Q

Describe the mandibular condyle and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Rounded projection of bone extending from the posterior Superior border of the ramus of the mandible
  2. Appears as a bony rounded radio opaque projection extending from the posterior border of the rainbow to the mandible
  3. Not seen on intraoral images
68
Q

Describe the hyoid bone and how it appears on a radiograph

A
  1. Horseshoe shaped bone that lies between the mandible between the chin and thyroid cartilage
  2. Appears as a floating curved radiopacity at or below the inferior border of the body of the mandible
  3. Not seen on intraoral images
69
Q

What are the air spaces only seen on panoramic images?

A
  1. Palatoglossal airspace- a space between the palate and the tongue
  2. Nasopharyngeal airspace - A space in the pharynx that is located posterior to the cavity
  3. Glossopharyngeal airspace - air space in the pharynx that is located posterior to the tongue and the oral cavity
70
Q

What does the palio colossal airspace look like on a radiograph?

A

It appears as a horizontal well-defined radiolucent band located superior to the apices of the maxillary teeth

71
Q

What does the nasopharyngeal airspace look like on a radiograph?

A

It appears as a diagonal radiolucent band located superior to the radio opaque shadow of the soft palate and the uvula

72
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal airspace look like on a radiograph?

A

It appears as a vertical radiolucent band superimposed over the ramus of the mandible

73
Q

What are the four soft tissue spaces seen on panoramic radiographs?

A
  1. Tongue
  2. Soft palate and uvula
  3. Lip line
  4. Ear
74
Q

How does the tongue appear on panoramic radiographs?

A

Appears as a radio opaque area superimposed over the maxillary posterior teeth

75
Q

Describe how the soft palate and uvula appear on panoramic radiographs

A

The soft palate and uvula form a muscular curtain that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity, and appears as a diagonal radiopacity projecting posteriorly and inferiorly from the maxillary tuberosity region

76
Q

How does the lip line appear on a panoramic radiograph?

A

Formed by the position of the patient slips, I guess looks like lips?

77
Q

How does the ear appear on panoramic radiographs?

A

The ear appears as a radio opaque shadow that projects anteriorly and inferiorly from the mastoid process

78
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus start?

A

The distal of the maxillary canine

79
Q

The mylohyoid ridge is also known as the ________

A

Internal oblique ridge

80
Q

What is the only mandibular structure found on a maxillary molar view?

A

Coronoid process

DH 120 - Radiography (9 decks)

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