Muscles of the Foot

Question 1

Muscles of the Foot

Layer 1 (3)

Answer 1

Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis

Question 2

L1

Abductor hallucis

Answer 2

Origin:
Medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum.

Insertion:
Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe and the sesamoid bones.

Function:
Abducts the great toe, supports the medial longitudinal arch.

Nerve Supply: Medial plantar nerve (S1-S2).
Blood Supply: Medial plantar arter

Question 3

L1

Abductor digiti minimi

Answer 3

Origin:
Medial and lateral processes of the calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum.

Insertion:
Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe.

Function:
Abducts and Flexes the little toe, supports the lateral longitudinal arch.

Nerve Supply: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery

Question 4

L1

Flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 4

Origin:
medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus

Insertion: Both sides of the middle phalanges of the lateral four toes.

Function:
Flexes the lateral four toes; supports arches of foot.

Nerve Supply: Medial plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Medial plantar artery

bottom of foot

Question 5

Layer 2 (4)

Answer 5

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricales of the foot
Flexor Hallicus Longus (Tendon)
Flexor Digitorum Longus (Tendon)

Question 6

L2

Quadratus plantae

Answer 6

Origin:
Medial and lateral surfaces of the calcaneus.

Insertion:
Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus.

Function:
Assists in flexion of the lateral four toes; helps maintain position of the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus.

Nerve Supply: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery

Question 7

L2

Lumbricales of the foot

Answer 7

Origin:
Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus.

Insertion:
Medial sides of the proximal phalanges of the lateral four toes.

Function:
Flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of the lateral four toes.

Nerve Supply: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery

Question 8

L2

Flexor Hallicus Longus (Tendon)

Answer 8

Origin: Posterior surface of the fibula.

Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe.

Function:
Flexes the great toe; plantarflexion of the foot.

Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Posterior tibial artery

Question 9

L2

Flexor Digitorum Longus (Tendon)

Answer 9

Origin: Posterior surface of the tibia.

Insertion:
Bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral four toes.

Function:
Flexes the lateral four toes; plantarflexion of the foot.

Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Posterior tibial artery

Question 10

Layer 3 (3)

Answer 10

Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor Hallicus

Question 11

L3

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 11

Origin: plantar side
Base of the fifth metatarsal.

Insertion:
Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe.

Function:
Flexes the fifth toe (little toe).

Nerve Supply: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery.

Question 12

L3

Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 12

Origin:
Cuboid and the adjoining portion of the third cuneiform.

Insertion:
Tendons of the flexor hallucis longus.

Function:
Flexes the proximal phalanx of the great toe.

Nerve Supply: Medial plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Medial plantar artery

Question 13

L3

Adductor Hallicus

Answer 13

Origin:
Oblique head: Bases of the second through fourth metatarsals.
Transverse head: Plantar ligaments of 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe.

Insertion: Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe.

Function: Adducts the great toe

Nerve Supply: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery.

Question 14

Layer 4 (2)

Answer 14

Dorsal interossei
Plantar interossei

Question 15

Dorsal interossei (4) - Bipennate

Answer 15

Origin:
Between the metatarsal bones of the foot.

Insertion:
Proximal phalanges of the lateral four toes on the dorsal surface.

Function:
Abducts the toes (spreads them apart); assists in flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints.

Nerve Supply: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery.

Question 16

Plantar interossei (3) - Unipennate

Answer 16

Origin:
Between the metatarsal bones of the foot.

Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of the lateral four toes on the plantar surface.

Function:
Adducts the toes 3-5 (brings them together); assists in flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints.

Nerve Supply: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3).
Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery