Psychological Development/Psychotherapy Flashcards
Psychodynamic theory proposes that behavior is ___
Behavior is the end product of a complex, often contentious internal discussion about how one should behave
Id:
basic drives, motives, instincts
● The is a mostly subconscious process that seeks self gratification or pleasure. Freud proposed that most Id instincts are sexual
Ego:
This is a counterbalance that develops in
childhood to reduce the drive of the Id. It is more related to conscious thought and it takes into account the requirements of external reality:
● External constraints
● Probable consequences of actions
● Desire for specific pleasurable experiences
Superego:
one’s conscience – the image of
what one wants to be
● This begins as a person gains some social awareness. It initially incorporates his/her parents’ standards as the superego. Gradually, it expands to include more personal standards
____ are unconscious strategies
for reducing anxiety aroused by thoughts, desires, or impulses. (Mediated by the ego)
Defense mechanisms
Some defenses are considered mature when they _____
function without compromising
functioning
Other defenses are considered primitive
because they involve behavior that is
immature or irrational and _____
impacts
appropriate functioning.
Some of the primal and immature defense mechanisms:
Acting out
Avoidance
Denial
Identification or introjection
Regression
Some of the Immature but more complex
defense mechanisms:
Passive aggression
Projection
Rationalization
Compensation
Splitting
Transference
Some of the defense mechanisms that are considered somewhat more mature:
Repression
Displacement
Reaction formation
These defense mechanisms are often
considered the most mature:
Anticipation
Humor
Suppression
Sublimation
_____ suggests that actions and behaviors are due to learned associations, called conditioning.
Behaviorism
Classical Conditioning is the idea that:
A response (UR) elicited naturally by one
stimulus (US) will in time be elicited by a
second stimulus (CS) after a period
when the two stimuli are occurring
consistently together.
____ – stimulus that produces response naturally without the need
for conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
_____ – the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned Response (UR)
_____ – a neutral stimulus with no natural response that is “trained” to elicits a new response
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
______ – New response
attached to the conditioned stimulus
Conditioned Response (CR) –
______: When stimulus “A”, that
has never been conditioned to elicit
response “C”, produces response “C”
because it is similar to “B”, which
naturally elicits response “C”.
Generalization:
_____: The natural or effortful
process of “forgetting” a conditioned
response so that the CS no longer
produces the CR
Extinction:
Operant Conditioning
The idea that rewards and punishment
change behavior, and that learning occurs
as we experience the consequences of our actions
● Sort of a trial & error learning