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diversity studies 23-24 > Bias Unit Knowledge Check 2 > Flashcards

Bias Unit Knowledge Check 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes the struggle to control or influence the policies of government - at the local, state, and federal level?

A

politics

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2
Q

An _____ is an organized collection of assumptions, beliefs, ideas, values, and opinions concerning life, society, economics and politics.

This same term can also be thought of as a ‘worldview’.

A

ideology

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3
Q

An _______________ is something that is accepted as true or as certain to happen without proof.

A

assumption

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4
Q

An _______________ is an idea, conviction or assumption that we trust is true.

A

belief

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5
Q

“_____________ dissonance” is a conflict or tension between what a person presently understands and believes to be true, and the reception of new information being learned.

A

Cognitive

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5
Q

A _______________ is a general conviction about what is good or bad, right or wrong.

A

value

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Dr. Frantz Fanon: “Sometimes people hold a core belief that is very strong. When they are presented with evidence that works against that belief, the new evidence cannot be accepted. And because it is so important to protect the core belief, they will rationalize, ignore and even deny anything that doesn’t fit with the core belief.”

A

True

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7
Q

As an English language idiom, a “________________ shift” is a fundamental change in an individual’s or a society’s view of how things work in the world and/or a significant transition from one way of thinking or perspective to another.

A

paradigm

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8
Q

Political _________________ refers to the vast and growing gap between Republicans and Democrats. On average, Democrats and Republicans are farther apart ideologically today than at any time in the past 50 years.

A

polarization

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9
Q

Political _______________ has been described as having more loyalty to the political tribe … than loyalty to anything else with an “us versus them” mentality.

A

tribalism

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10
Q

_____________ politics is when people of a particular race, ethnicity, gender, or religion form alliances and organize politically to defend their group’s interests

A

Identity

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11
Q

“_______________ culture” refers to the popular practice of withdrawing support for individuals and companies after they have done or said something considered objectionable or offensive.

A

Cancel

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12
Q

According to brain structure studies, _______________ tended on the whole to have a larger right amygdala, a deeper brain structure that processes more emotional information —specifically “fear-based” information.

A

conservatives

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13
Q

According to brain structure studies, _________ tend to have a larger anterior cingulate gyrus, which is an area that is responsible for taking in new information and the impact of the new information on decision making or choices.

A

liberals

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14
Q

In personality studies, __________________ tend to rate higher in areas of stability, loyalty, not liking change and incorporating religion when it comes to making certain choices.

A

conservatives

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15
Q

In personality studies, __________________ have stronger ratings in terms of liking change, as well as wanting to actually base decision-making on new information, specifically scientific information.

A

liberals

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

There are no real psychological differences between conservatives or liberals.

A

False

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

According to cognitive scientist and linguist George Lakoff, conservatives and liberals have very similar conceptual models of morality.

A

False

18
Q

Ideological management refers to the creation and distribution of knowledge in society. Which of the following “ideological managers” continues to influence us throughout our lives especially because of the internet and filter bubbles?

A

the media

19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

According to some scholars, the mass communication media of the U.S. are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a propaganda model of communication .

A

True

20
Q

According to Noam Chomsky, U.S. media operate through how many filters?

A

five

21
Q

Propaganda is the premeditated selection of what we see and hear designed to influence or shape one’s attitude, beliefs and opinions. Today, propaganda is euphemistically referred to by which of the following?

A

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING

-public relations
-strategic communications
-perception management

22
Q

Which of the following techniques of propaganda involves tireless repetition of an idea or simple slogan?

A

Argumentum ad Nauseum

23
Q

Which of the following techniques of propaganda involves arousing prejudice in the target audience — what the audience fears, hates, or finds undesirable?

A

Stereotyping (Labeling)

24
Q

Which of the following techniques of propaganda involves instilling anxieties and panic in the general population?

A

Appeal to Fear

25
Q

Which of the following techniques of propaganda involves assigning blame to an individual or group that isn’t really responsible?

A

Scapegoating

26
Q

Which of the following techniques of propaganda was the central cause of the U.S. Capital insurrection on January 6, 2021?

A

The Big Lie

27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Today, focus groups are used to identify the right language (words) that emotionally resonates with people in order to shift their opinions on an issue or a candidate.

A

True

28
Q

Which of the following refers to the dissemination of specialized information to a small audience, rather than to the broader public-at-large?

A

Narrowcasting

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

In 1987, the Federal Communication Commission abolished the Fairness Doctrine which paved the way for a flood of “hyper-partisan” television and talk radio programming.

A

True

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Everyone is biased — and that’s okay. There’s no such thing as unbiased news. But hidden media bias misleads, manipulates and divides us.

A

True

31
Q

“Media Bias” is the bias within the mass media in the selection of events and stories that are reported and how they are covered. Which of the following types of media bias involves leaving one side out of an article, or a series of articles over a period of time or ignoring facts that tend to disprove or support liberal or conservative claims?

A

Bias by ommission

32
Q

Which of the following types of media bias occurs when the story has only one interpretation of an event or policy, to the exclusion of the other, or when a reporter’s subjective comments about objective facts that makes one side’s ideological perspective look better than another?

A

Bias by spin

33
Q

Which of the following types of media bias involves the pattern of highlighting news stories that coincide with the agenda of either the Left or the Right, while ignoring stories that coincide with the opposing view?

A

Bias by story selection

34
Q

According to Eli Pariser, people get trapped in a “_____________” (two words) which doesn’t expose them to information that could challenge or broaden their worldview.”

A

filter bubble

35
Q

With regards to social media platforms like X (Twitter) and Facebook, what feeds people information that already supports their political views, as well as creating the conditions for people to be more susceptible to falsehoods and conspiracy theories? (Hint: the word starts with the letter “A”)

A

algorithms

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Two people can literally watch and read different sources of news and almost occupy two different realities in terms of how they see the world.

A

True

37
Q

“_________________” (two words) refers to people in the present-day accepting an argument based on their emotions and beliefs, rather than one based on facts. In other words, shared, objective standards for truth have disappeared.

A

Post-truth

or

Post-fact

38
Q

Fake News” are those news stories that are false: the story itself is fabricated, with no verifiable facts, sources or quotes. “Fake news” exists within a large ecosystem of misinformation and disinformation. Which of the following is false, misleading, or out-of-context information shared without an intent to deceive people?

A

Misinformation

39
Q

Which of the following is purposefully false or misleading content shared with an intent to deceive and cause harm? (type of fake news)

A

Disinformation

40
Q

Epistemic means of or relating to knowledge or the conditions for acquiring it, like the journey to find new sources of truth. Which of the following is a social epistemic structure in which other relevant voices have been left out, perhaps accidentally?

A

Epistemic Bubble

41
Q

Which of the following is a social epistemic structure from which other relevant voices have been actively excluded and discredited? In other words, people have been brought to systematically distrust all outside sources.

A

Echo Chamber

42
Q

Which of the following means holding fast to beliefs that are rooted in a false and insular reality despite their being outside evidence to the contrary.

A

Epistemic Closure

diversity studies 23-24 (5 decks)

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