Interpretation of Radiographs Flashcards
Describing fractures
-Bone
-Location along bone: epiphyseal (children) or intra-articular, diaphysis in thirds/ junction between thirds
-Fracture pattern
=Traverse
=Linear
=Oblique non-displaced
=Oblique displaced
=Spiral
=Greenstick
=Comminuted/ complex
-Displacement
Fracture Displacement
STAR
-Shortening/ bayonetting
-Translation
-Angulation
-Rotation
Palmar/ Dorsal and radial/ ulnar deviation
Approach to radiographs- start
-Films: AP/ Lateral/ Oblique/ Special/ Scapula
=RIPE (rotation, inspiration, penetration, exposure)
-Laterality: left or right
-What joint or bone
-Who and when?
Approach to radiographs: body
ABCSS
-Alignment: bones, joints
-Bone Cartilages: trace outline
-Spacing (of joints, should be equal)
-Soft tissues:
=Air: open fracture, necrotising infections
=Blood: Pit/ coagulopathies/ ligamentous injury/ meniscal injury
=Fat: blood (lipohaemorhrothis) fracture
Elbow radiographs
-Posterior fat pad: always pathological
-Ossification centres (CRITOE)
=Capitellum (1)
=Radial head (3)
=Int. epicondyle (5)
=Trochlea (7)
=Olecranon (9)
=Ext. epicondyle (11)
Radiographic signs of OA
-Loss of joint space
-Subchondral sclerosis
-Subchondral cysts
-Osteophytes
Causes of lipohaemarthrosis
-All except
=Septic arthritis of the knee
Types of views
-Axillary
-Scapula Y
-AP view
Lesions in dislocations
Hill Sachs lesion- wedge in dislocation
Banker lesion= edge of glenoid (corner)
=Recurrent instability
Mechanisms for posterior dislocation: seizures and electrocution
External rotate and adducted for anterior
Normal elbow axis
Anterior humeral line= intersect distal condyles
Radial head straight line into capitellum (proximal radial line)
Anterior sail sign at front- capsule
Arcs in normal pelvis
-Schentins arch (break in femoral neck)
Radiograph of haemarthrosis
Haemarthrosis- line of darkness where liquids have separated
Ankle views
-Mortose view (15 deg internal rotation)
-AP
Lateral
