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Histology Lecture Test 3 > Upper GI > Flashcards

Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

Alimentary canal

A

oral cavity to anus

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2
Q

What are the 5 phases of breakdown of food?

A
  • ingestion
  • fragmentation
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • elimination
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3
Q

Ingestion

A

occurs in the oral cavity

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4
Q

Fragmentation

A

forms a bolus

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5
Q

Where does the initiation of digestion occur?

A

the stomach

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6
Q

Peristalsis

A

contraction of smooth muscle

under autonomic control

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7
Q

In the duodenum

A

emussification of fat

due to pancreatic and bile secretions

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8
Q

In jejunum and ileum

A

primary aborption of nutrients

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9
Q

in colon

what it does

A

resoprtion of water and eliminaiton of waste

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10
Q

ankyloglossia

A

tongue tied

frenulum is too short

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11
Q

GALT

A

diffuse lymphoid tissue
scattered in the GI

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12
Q

What are the four layer of the GI tract form in to outer?

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. serosa (adventitia)
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12
Q

What are the 3 functions of the mucosa?

A
  • protection
  • secretion
  • absorption
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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa in the GI?

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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14
Q

What are the four types of Muscosal variations?

A
  • protective
  • secretory
  • absorptive
  • absorptive/protective
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14
Q

Where does the greatest variation occur in the GI wall layers?

A

mucosal layers

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15
Q

Where is protective mucosa found?

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal

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16
Q

Where is secretory mucosa found?

A

in the stomach

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17
Q

Where is absorptive mucosa found?

A

entirety of the small intestine

18
Q

where is absorptive/protective mucosa found

A

in the large intestine

19
Q

What the locations of transition of mucosa?

A
  • gastro-esophageal junction
  • gastroduodenal junction
  • ileocecal junction
  • anorectal junctio
20
Q

Segmnetation

A
  • local contraction
  • propels food proximally and distally
21
Q

Periostalsis propels food

A

distally only

22
Q

Serosa =

A

visceral peritoneum

23
Q

Smooth muscle of the gut and is excitatory with

A

parasympathetics

24
Q

Smooth muscle of the gut and is inhibited by

A

sympathetic

25
Q

Where does the parasympathetic synapse

A

near the effector organ

26
Q

Where are the gut ganglia located?

A

in the wall of the submucosa and the muscularis externa

27
Q

Messner’s Plexus

A
  • submucosal plexus
  • clusters of ganglia in the submucosa
28
Q

Auerbach’s Plexus

myenteric

A
  • located in inner circular and outer longtudinal musle layer
  • larger than Mes Plex
29
Q

Esophagus is narrowest at the

A

TOP

30
Q

Where does the esophagus join the stomach?

A

cardiac orifice

31
Q

what prevents air form entering the esophagus?

A

resting muscle tone in superior 3cm

32
Q

What prevent back flow of the stomach to the esophagus?

A

resting muscle ton at the inferior end of the esophagus

NO A SPHINCTER

33
Q

What are the cells that line the esophagus?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

33
Q

Muscle in the upper third of the esophagus

A

voluntary skeletal

34
Q

Muscle in the middle third of the esophagus

A

skeletal and smooth muscel

35
Q

Muscle in the lower third of the esophagus

A

smooth muscle only

36
Q

hitatus hernia

A

protrusion of upper part of the stomach through the thorax through a tear or weakness in the diapharm

37
Q

What are the classification of hiatus hernia

A
  • sliding (oestosophago-gastric
  • rolling(paraoesophageal)
  • mixed(transitional
38
Q

What is the most common hiatus hernia?

A

sliding

38
Q

__________ esophageal hernias are rare

A

conegential

in bany

39
Q

pryosis

A

“heartburn”
* due to stomach acid coming back up into distal part of esophagus

40
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus

A

serious complicaiton of GERD

41
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus can increase the risk of

A

developing esophageal adenocarcinoma

42
Q

What are signs/ symptoms of Esophageal cancer?

A

Difficulty and pain with swallowing,
* Pressure or burning in the chest.
* Indigestion or heartburn.
* Vomiting.
* Frequent choking on food.
* Unexplained weight loss.
* Coughing or hoarseness.
* Pain behind the breastbone or in the throat

43
Q

What is the overal 5 year survaial rate of esophageal cancer?

A

5 -30%

Histology Lecture Test 3 (10 decks)

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