Explanations for forgetting Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 main explanations for forgetting

+ summarise

A
  • Interference - similar memories interfere, causing forgetting.
  • Retrieval Failure - absence of cues leads to inability to recall information.
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of interference - give an example for each.

A
  • Proactive interference - Previous memory intereferes with current memory
    • E.g. Struggling to remember new phone number - old interfering
  • Retroactive interference - Recently learn memory interferring with recall of past memory
    • E.g. Forgetting how to play piano becuase recently learnt guitar.
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3
Q

More ……. information will cause greater interference.

A

More SIMILAR information will cause greater intereference.

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4
Q

1 Pro 2 cons of Interference (as an explanation for forgetting.)

A

Pro
* Real-world application in advertising (multiple regular exposures reduce interference of competitors)
Cons
* Reasearch into intereference Lacks mundane realism - Nonsense word list used in study.
* Individul differences impact studies - smaller working memory capacity increases intereference.

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5
Q

Define a cue and their role in retrieval failure

A
  • Cues are a prompt that can help with memory retrieval.
  • Absence of cues can limit/prevent recall of information.
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6
Q

What are the 2 types of cues?

Give an example for each

A
  • External (context) cues
    • e.g. same room learning + recall
  • Interal (State) cues
    • e.g. Drunk when learing + recall
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7
Q

What principle suggests that more similar cues (during learning and recall) will cause more recall?

A

Encoding specifity principle

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8
Q

2 Pros 1 con of Retrival failure (as an explanation for forgetting)

A

Pros
* Real world application - retrieval cues used in education system
* Retrival cues explain effect of interference - List study shows interfernece reduced with cues
Con
* Retrival cues don’t always work - complex infromation related to multiple factors - not just cues.

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