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Basic Linux Commands > Introduction To Linux > Flashcards

Introduction To Linux Flashcards

1
Q

What does Unix refer to?

A

Linux and “Linux-like” operating systems

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2
Q

Why are Linux systems the most common target for attackers

A

96.3% of the top one million web servers are running Linux

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3
Q

What is FOSS

A

Free Open Source Software

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4
Q

What is a Distribution (Distro)

A

Special-purpose variants of the operating system

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5
Q

Who is the Ubuntu distro geared towards

A

General-purpose users

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6
Q

Who is the Kali Linux distro geared towards

A

Specifically designed for security professionals

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7
Q

Command-line only machines are called

A

Headless servers

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8
Q

Which distro is best suited for a Central Data Server

A

Fedora and CentOS

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9
Q

Which distro is best suited for a Public Web Server

A

Ubuntu and Fedora

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10
Q

Which distro is best suited for an IT Audit Workstation

A

Kali Linux

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11
Q

Which distro is best suited for a User Workstation

A

Ubuntu

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12
Q

What is SELinux

A

SELinux has a built-in file permission security enhancement developed by the NSA
CentOS and Fedora have it implemented by default

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13
Q

Which version of Ubuntu Servers do you choose if you are looking for a version that will remain stable over time?

A

LTS version
‘Long Term Support’s
The LTS version will remain stable and only change appropriately once a year

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14
Q

What is the Linux directory that contains every other folder

A

/ (root)

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15
Q

What is the directory that contains the user’s private files

A

/home
(Users should not be able to save files elsewhere)

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16
Q

What directory contains configuration files

A

/etc (pronounced ‘etsy’)
Configuration files, define how a machine runs and who can use it

17
Q

Which directory contains main Binary or Program files?

A

/bin and /sbin

Bin for user programs
Sbin for admin programs

18
Q

What directory contains files that change over time

A

/var

19
Q

Which directory contains files that are only needed for a short period of time

A

/tmp

20
Q

What is a Process

A

A running program is called a process
When a program runs, it must process data and potentially make changes to the file system. This is why a running program is called a process
When these programs process, save and modify data, they consume a computer’s resources.

21
Q

What is Memory

A

The space used by a process to save and manipulate data

22
Q

What 2 forms does memory come in?

A

1) RAM (Random Access Memory) : Used to run the program’s code. RAM is only used while the program is running.
The more work a process does, the more RAM it needs.

2) Disk Space: used to save data permanently
Files saved to a disk persist even after a process ends

23
Q

What is the role of the CPU?

A

The Central Processing Unit acts as the brain of the system, determining how much work a process has to do, and how difficult that work is.

24
Q

What is a DoS attack doing?

A

Denial of Service Attacks - attackers perform a DoS attack by launching processes that eat up memory on a target machine.
This can slow down or crash the machine, making it unavailable to the users, thus denying them service

25
Q

Command to see all running processes in real time?

A

top
(Table of processes)
While in top
u(filter mode by username or PID)
P (sort by CPU usage)
M (sort by MEM usage)
z (Add cool visual colours)
x (Highlight column you are currently sorting by)

26
Q

How do you take a snapshot of all the running process on the system

A

ps command
(Different arguments allow you to show different subsets of processes and use this output with other commands)

27
Q

Command to Stop a Process

A

kill
(Used to stop a process, usually ones causing problems. kill attempts to allow a process to finish before it shuts it down)

28
Q

What is Dynamic Analysis

A

The process of running a potentially malicious script and monitoring it’s effects.

29
Q

What are PPAs

A

Repositories specifically used to store and distribute packages are known as Personal Package Archives or PPAs

Basic Linux Commands (4 decks)

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