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Phase 2a Lecture Notes > Formative assessment > Flashcards

Formative assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the main effector cell in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

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2
Q

What is the name of the cells that produce collagen in fibrous scarring?

A

Fibroblasts

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3
Q

Which of the following is an example of acute inflammation? A. Glandular fever B. Leprosy C. Appendicitis D. Tuberculosis

A

C. Appendicitis

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4
Q

In which one of the following does granulomatous inflammation occur? A. Crohn’s disease B. Acute appendicitis C. Infectious mononucleosis D. Lobar pneumonia

A

Crohn’s disease

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5
Q

Which one of the following is a chronic inflammatory process from its start? A. Appendicitis B. Cholecystitis C. Infectious mononucleosis D. Lobar pneumonia

A

c) Infectious mononucleosis

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6
Q

Which one of the following is an example of hyperplasia?
a) Bodybuilder’s biceps
b) Enlarged left ventricle
c) Benign prostate enlargement
d) Wasting of quadriceps after immobilisation

A

c) Benign prostate enlargement

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7
Q

Which one of the following is not an example of apoptosis?
a) Loss of cells from tips of duodenal villi
b) Loss of cells during embryogenesis
c) Renal infarction
d) Graft versus host disease

A

c) Renal infarction

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8
Q

Which one of the following is an example of atrophy?
a) Biceps of a body builder
b) Uterus in pregnancy
c) Brain in dementia
d) Prostate in older age

A

c) Brain in dementia

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9
Q

What is the pattern of differentiation of metaplastic cells lining of the bronchi of cigarette smokers?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium to squamous- metaplasia

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10
Q

Which one of the following is an example of necrosis?
a) Loss of cells from duodenal tips
b) Loss of individual cells in graft versus host disease
c) Loss of individual cells during development
d) Renal infarction

A

d) Renal infarction

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11
Q

What process is defined by the formation of a solid mass of blood constituents within an intact vascular system during life?

A

Thrombosis

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12
Q

Name a drug that inhibits platelet aggregation?

A

Aspirin

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13
Q

Which one of the following tumours never
metastasises?
A. Malignant melanoma
B. Small cell carcinoma of the lung
C. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin
D. Breast cancer

A

C. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin

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14
Q

What is the name of a malignant tumour
of striated muscle?

A

rhabdo myo sarcoma

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15
Q

Which of the following tumours does not
commonly metastasise to bone?
A. Breast cancer
B. Lung cancer
C. Prostate cancer
D. Liposarcoma

A

D. Liposarcoma

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16
Q

What term describes a cancer
that has not invaded through the
basement membrane?

A

Carcinoma in situ

17
Q

What is the name of a benign tumour of
glandular epithelium?

A

Adenoma

18
Q

thrombosis

A

solid mesh of blood constituents in an intact blood vessels

19
Q

Which one of these tumours does not have a
screening programme in the UK?
A. Breast cancer
B. Colorectal cancer
C. Cervical cancer
D. Lung cancer

A

D. lung cancer

20
Q

Which one of the following is not known to
be a carcinogen in humans?
A. Hepatitis C virus
B. Ionising radiation
C. Aromatic amines
D. Aspergillus nige

A

D. Aspergillus nige
Hepatitis C -> hepatocellular carcinoma
ionising radiation -> all sorts of cancer
aromatic amines -> bladder carcinoma

21
Q

What is the name of a benign tumour of fat cells?

A

Lipoma

22
Q

What is the name of a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium?

A

adenocarcinoma

23
Q

Which one of the following is not a feature
of malignant tumours?
A. Vascular invasion
B. Metastasis
C. Increased cell division
D. Growth related to overall body growth

A

D. Growth related to overall body
growth

24
Q

A transitional cell carcinoma of the
bladder is a malignant tumour?
A. True
B. False

A

A. true

25
Q

A leiomyoma is a benign tumour of
smooth muscle?
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

26
Q

Radon gas is a cause of lung cancer?
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

27
Q

Asbestos is a human carcinogen?
A. True
B. False

A

A. true
Blue/brown asbestos is more hazardous that white

28
Q

Which lifestyle factor is most likely to cause cancer?
A. Drinking half a bottle of wine a day
B. Being obese
C. Running for 20 mins twice a week
D. Smoking 20 cigarettes a day

A

C. Running for 20 mins twice a week
20 cigarettes = 26x risk of lung cancer

29
Q

Which tumour has the shortest median
survival?
A. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin
B. Malignant melanoma of the skin
C. Breast cancer
D. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

A

D. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

30
Q

Ovarian cancer commonly spreads in the
peritoneum
A. True
B. False

A

A. true

31
Q

A 27 year old woman presents to the Accident and Emergency Department with abdominal pain. She says that it started the day before when she felt non-specifically unwell and felt pain in the middle of her abdomen. She slept
rather fitfully and woke up this morning with a more severe pain that had moved to her right groin region. A diagnosis of acute appendicitis is made and her appendix is removed during a laparoscopic operation. The appendix is sent to the Department of Histopathology where it is sampled and microscopic slides are produced. The Consultant Histopathologist looks at the lumen of the appendix on a high power lens on her microscope.
What is the predominant type of inflammatory cell that she sees?
a. Eosinophil
b. Lymphocyte
c. Macrophage
d. Mast cell
e. Neutrophil polymorph

A

e. Neutrophil polymorph

32
Q

A 25 year old lawyer falls on the ski slopes and after being taken off the slopes on a stretcher a radiograph shows a depressed fracture of the tibia. During an operation the depression is elevated and internally fixed and the leg is immobilised in plaster. After 6 weeks the plaster is taken off. The patient notices that the leg which had the fracture appears to be much thinner than the other leg. If a biopsy was taken (not clinically indicated in this case) from the quadriceps muscle of the affected leg what would it show?
a. Atrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Metaplasia
e. Dysplasia

A

a. Atrophy

Phase 2a Lecture Notes (14 decks)

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