Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych 4 > ch6.2 > Flashcards

ch6.2 Flashcards

1
Q

hypnosis physical ability

A

Hyponsis may improve some physical abilities
in sports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyponsis memory

A

Hypnosis can improve memory, but increases the
frequency of false memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hypnosis amnesia

A

Brief memory lose can be achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hypnosis pain releif

A

Can be effective pain relive, especially in instances
where painkillers are ineffective (e.g., Phantom Limb Pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hypnosis sensory changes

A

can alter color, hearing sensitivity, time
sense, perception illusions etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two theories for how hypnosis works

A

divided consciousness theory

social cognitive process thoery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

divided consciousnses theory

A

hypnosis splits awareness into two parts, one part responds to the hypnotists suggestion and the other continues to process pain inforamtion but at a less conscious level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

socail/ cognitive process thoery

A

the participant is highly motivated to believe in hypnosis and without awareness works hard to ignore the pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what parts of the brain slow during hypnosis

A

cerebral cortex, and thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens after the cerebral cortex and thalamus slow down

A

mental absorption or total focus where cerebral blood flow and neural activtiy speed back up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anterior cingulate cortex

A

is implicated in general awareness and
the unpleasantness we feel during pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens to neurons if exposed to pain under hypnosis

A

If exposed to pain under hypnosis, neurons that send pain messages continue
as usual, but the brain’s awareness is greatly reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens to the brain during hypnosis

A

When put in a state of relaxation, the cerebral cortex and thalamus,
slow activity
* Next guided to, mental absorption or total focus, where cerebral blood
flow and neural activity speed back up
* The anterior cingulate cortex is implicated in general awareness and
the unpleasantness we feel during pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

technique designed to run one’s consciousness away
from the outer world, towards inner cues and awareness, ignoring all
stressors

A

meditation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does meditation involve

A

Typically, it involves going to a quiet place, in a specific or comfortable
position, controlling one’s breathing, limiting outward attention, and
forming internal images
* Ancient practices traced through the world’s major religions
* Best-known practices derive from yoga
* All involve self-regulation practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two major appeoaches to meditation

A

mindfulness mediation

concentrative mediation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mindfulness mediation

A

widening attention to
embrace total, nonjudgmental awareness of the
world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

concentrative meditation

A

actively concentrate on
an object, word, phrase, or idea, called a mantra
serving to calm and focus the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

meditation

A
  1. Has been shown to produce the same brainwaves associated with the relaxed phase prior to sleep
  2. Can lower respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle
    tension
  3. Been used to treat pain, asthma, high blood pressure, heart problems, skin disorders, diabetes, and viral infection
  4. Reduce stress and anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

chemicals that affect awareness, behaviour,
sensation, perception, or mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

examples of psychoactive drugs

A
  • Some are illegal (heroin, ecstasy, cocaine) some are not (coffee, alcohol,
    cannabis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

categories of psychoactiev drugs

A
  • Three broad categories:
    1. Depressants
    2. Stimulants
    3. Hallucinogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

addiction

A

psychological or physical compulsion to take a drug,
resulting from regular ingestion and leading to maladaptive patterns
of behaviour and changes in physical response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

psychological or physical compulsion to take a drug,
resulting from regular ingestion and leading to maladaptive patterns
of behaviour and changes in physical response

A

addiction

25
Q

mark of physical dependence on a drug, in which the
person is required to take incrementally larger doses of the drug to
achieve the same effect

A

tolerance

26
Q

unpleasant and sometimes dangerous side
effects of reducing intake of a drug after a person has become
addicted

A

withdrawal symptoms

27
Q

what is an example of a depressant and most commonly used psychoactive drug

A

alcohol

28
Q

ethyl alcohol mechansim

A

Ethyl alcohol binds to GABA neurotransmitter and reduces it’s rate of
firing
* GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

29
Q

biphasic effect

A

starts as a stimulant but ends up as a depressant

30
Q

alcoholism

A

long-term pattern of alcohol addiction

31
Q

binge drinking

A

Binge drinking is the consumption of 5+ drinks in a row,
reported that 60% of college- and university-aged students
binge drink

32
Q

alcohol dehydrogenase

A

is experienced by 50% of Asians
* Chemical responsible for breaking down and eliminating alcohol is
deficient. Individuals react very negatively to even small amounts
of alcohol

33
Q

alcohol stats

A

Alcoholism impacts an individual’s family, social, and
occupational life
* Implicated in more than a third of suicides, homicides,
assaults, rapes, and accidental deaths
* Just under 40% of car accidents in Canada involve
alcohol
* Long-term effects like cirrhosis in which the liver is
scarred
* Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

34
Q

sedative hypnotic drugs

A

produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness

35
Q

benzadiazepines

A

anti anxiety

developed in the 50s are the most popular today

36
Q

examples of benzadiazepines

A
  • Xanax, Ativan, Valium
37
Q

effects of benzadiazepenes

A
  • Does not produce drowsiness like alcohol
  • In high doses it can lead to intoxication and addiction
38
Q

opoid and its examples

A

derived from the sap of the opium poppy
* Heroin, morphine, codeine, and OxyContin

39
Q

effects of opiods

A
  • Pain reliever, but highly addictive
  • Methadone, similar effects but without psychoactive qualities
  • Mimics the effects of endorphins
  • Danger for overdose
40
Q

what are the depressasnts

A

alcohol

sedative hypnotic drugs- benzodiazepines

opioid

41
Q

stimulants

A

substances that increase the activity of the
CNS

42
Q

worlds most widely used stimulant

A

caffiene 80%

43
Q

nicotine

A

Nicotine legal, but highly addictive. Most commonly
taken in via smoking and reaches the brain faster than
injection into the blood stream
* 20% of people 14+yrs regularly smoke tobacco

44
Q

examples of stimulants

A

caffeiene
nicotine
cocaine
amphetamines

45
Q

cocaine

A

is the most powerful natural stimulant. In the
early 20th century it was used for pain
* Brings a rush of euphoria and well-being
* Increases activity of dopamine

46
Q

amphetamines

A

are manufactured and increase energy
and lower appetite. Highly addictive qualities
* Increases activity of dopamine
* Club drug, ecstasy dumps serotonin resulting in euphoria
* 60% of users are men

47
Q

hallucinogens

A

substances that dramatically change one’s state
of awareness, causing powerful changes in sensory perception

48
Q

LSD

A

lysergic acid diethylamide

brings on hallucinosis, a state
marked by a strengthening of visual perceptions and profound
psychological and physical changes

49
Q

where does LSD bind

A

serotonin receptors

50
Q

flashbacks

A

recurrences of sensory and emotional changes
even after LSD has left the body

51
Q

cannabsi

A

Cannabis is a hemp plant and produces marijuana
(weak) and hashish (strong

52
Q

active chemical of cannabis

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

53
Q

what happens when cannabis is smoked

A

When smoked it produces a mixture of hallucinogenic,
depressant, and stimulant effects

54
Q

effects of cannabis

A

Interferes with memory, sensorimotor tasks, can impact
sperm count and abnormal ovulation

55
Q

prenatal exposure to hallucinogens

A

has shown negative impacts on
inhibition, behavioural self-control, and working memory

56
Q

cannabis and treatment

A

Cannabis is more recently being used as a form of
treatment
* Chronic pain, chemotherapy, glaucoma, disease-related
anorexia, MS, HIV or AIDS, spinal cord injury, arthritis, and
epilepsy

57
Q

reward learning pathway

A

pleasing pathway

brain circuitry that is important for learning about
rewarding stimuli
* Activated by pleasurable stimuli or events
and comes to anticipate a respons

58
Q

reward deficiency syndrome

A

people might
abuse drugs because their reward centre is not
readily activated by usual life events

59
Q
A

psych 4 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions