Endocrine Flashcards
Fill in the gaps in the following statement:
Type I (insulin dependant) diabetes is characterised by almost no __________ secretion. This contributes to a build up of __________ in the blood stream. If exogenous insulin is not administered __________ and __________ will develop
A. Insulin, glucose, hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis
B. Glucose, insulin, hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis
C. Glucose, insulin, hypoglycaemia, and unconsciousness
D. Insulin, hormones, ketoacidosis and unconsciousness
A. Insulin, glucose, hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis
When describing the effects of insulin on the body to a patient newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, the best explanation by the nurse is?
A. Insulin promotes the breakdown of fatty tissue into triglycerides, which can be used for energy
B. When proteins are taken into the body, insulin promotes their breakdown and conversion to fats
C. Insulin stimulates the conversion of stored sugars into blood glucose and the conversion of proteins into glucose
D. When carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are eaten, insulin promotes cellular transport and storage of all these nutrients
D. When carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are eaten, insulin promotes cellular transport and storage of all these nutrients
Before beginning a diabetic education programme for your new patient, what should you first do?
A. Assess their level of understand of diabetes
B. Obtain pamphlets about diabetes that are bi lingual
C. Negotiate a time when whanau (family) can be present
D. Contact the diabetic education nurse
A. Assess their level of understand of diabetes
How will you know if Tui understands the diabetic education you provided?
A. He repeats the information in his own words
B. He demonstrates use of the equipment ??
C. He has seen the Māori nurse educator
D. He has his whanau with him
A. He repeats the information in his own words
Oral hypoglycaemic agents are effective and short acting. Their specific action is?
A. As an oral form of insulin
B. To increase the output of insulin
C. To control the islets of Langerhans
D. To decrease the output of insulin
B. To increase the output of insulin
Individuals whose diabetes is not well controlled are vulnerable to several complications, which of the following are they least likely to develop?
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Cataracts
C. Lymphadenopathy
D. Nephropathy
A. Atherosclerosis
Hypertension, oedema and proteinuria syndrome commonly occur in women who?
A. Have essential hypertension
B. Have diabetes mellitus
C. Are primigravids
D. All of the above
B. Have diabetes mellitus
The risk factors of type 1 diabetes include all of the following expect?
A. Diet
B. Genetics
C. Autoimmune
D. Environment
A. Diet
Untreated diabetes may result in all of the following expect?
A. Blindness
B. Cardiovascular disease
C. Kidney disease
D. Tinnitus
D. Tinnitus
The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client prescribed liraglutide as an adjunct to insulin to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Which instruction should the nurse include in the education?
A. “If you miss a meal, take half of your regular dose.”
B. “Consume a high carbohydrate diet.”
C. “Contact your healthcare provider if you experience changes in your voice.”
D. “Liraglutide causes an increase in appetite.”
C. “Contact your healthcare provider if you experience changes in your voice.”
A client arrives at the emergency department stating, “My glucometer is reading greater than 14.4 mmol and I haven’t felt like myself all day.” The healthcare provider suspects hyperglycaemic. Which initial finding(s) should the nurse associate with this diagnosis? Select all that apply.
A. Respiratory rate 21/min
B. Oxygen saturation 95% on room air
C. Blood pressure 90/48 mmHg
D. Heart rate 111/min
E. Temperature: 37.5°C (99.6°F)
A. Respiratory rate 21/min
C. Blood pressure 90/48 mmHg
D. Heart rate 111/min
E. Temperature: 37.5°C (99.6°F)
The student nurse is reviewing the assessment findings of a client diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) with the nursing instructor. The student asks the instructor, “Which of my assessments are correlated with HHS?” Which finding(s) should the nursing instructor include in the response? Select all that apply.
A. Polydipsia
B. Confusion
C. Hyperactivity
D. Dry mouth
E. Cold clammy skin
A. Polydipsia
B. Confusion
D. Dry mouth
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client following a new diagnosis of chronic primary adrenal insufficiency. Which information should the nurse include regarding hormone replacement therapy?
A. “You will be required to take this medication for the next five days.”
B. “You will be required to take this medication for the rest of your life.”
C. “You will be required to take this medication for the next 30 days.”
D. “You will be required to take this medication for the next five years.”
B. “You will be required to take this medication for the rest of your life.”
The nurse in the community health clinic is caring for a client diagnosed with hypothyroidism who was prescribed levothyroxine six weeks ago. Which client statement indicates that medication dosing may need to be decreased?
A. “I’ve lost three pounds since starting this medication.”
B. “I don’t think I need a stool softener anymore, I keep having diarrhea.”
C. “My skin looks pink and my tongue doesn’t feel swollen.”
D. “I am feeling so sluggish and tired, I thought I’d feel better by now.”
B. “I don’t think I need a stool softener anymore, I keep having diarrhea.”
A client diagnosed with hypothyroidism is being evaluated by the emergency department nurse. The client recently underwent a dental procedure and states, “Ever since my surgery, I haven’t felt right.” Which clinical manifestation is a possible sign of myxedema coma and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately?
A. Respiratory rate 14/min
B. Blood glucose 90 mg/dL
C. Temperature 96°F (35.6°C)
D. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 88 U/L
C. Temperature 96°F (35.6°C)
Clients diagnosed with hypothyroidism are at risk of developing the complication of myxedema coma. Hypothermia is a symptom of this complication and needs to be reported to the healthcare team first. Normal temperature is 98.6°F (37°C).