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Term 1 (2023-2024) > MATEPRO Module 5 > Flashcards

MATEPRO Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Roles of Materials in the History of Man

A
  • Association of dominant material to time periods: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age
  • Similar to manufacturing, it determines what is possible and contributes to comfort, productivity, safety and security of everyday living.
  • One replaces another when new advantages and capabilities are
    realized.
  • Knowledge of material properties is essential to an engineer in
    manufacturing: Structure, Properties, Processing, Performance.
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2
Q

Iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, titanium, lead, tin, and zinc are what type of material?

A

Metallic materials

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3
Q

wood, rick, concrete, glass, rubber, and plastics are what type of material?

A

Nonmetallic materials

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4
Q

______, such as fiber glass are capable of
demonstrating higher strength at a LOWER WEIGHT and VOLUME.

A

Composites

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5
Q

used to distinguish one material from another: weight, density, melting point, optical characteristics, thermal and electrical properties, etc.

A

Physical Properties

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6
Q

describe how a material responds to applied loads or forces: tensile strength, yield strength, Modulus of Elasticity,
etc.

A

Mechanical Properties

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7
Q

force per unit area experienced by a material: S = F/A

A

Stress

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8
Q

stress that causes material to increase in length (+deformation)

A

Tensile Stress

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9
Q

stress that causes material to reduce in length (-deformation)

A

Compressive Stress

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10
Q

the amount of deformation divided by the material’s original length: e = ΔL/L

A

Strain

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11
Q

observed when the applied loads are constant (not changing)

A

Static Properties

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12
Q

observed when the applied loads are changing: impact loads, fluctuating loads, time-dependent effects, etc.

A

Dynamic Properties

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13
Q
  • Measures the behaviour of
    a material with respect to a
    tensile load
  • Uses the Universal Testing
    Machine (UTM)
A

Uni-Axial Tensile Strength

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14
Q
  • Proportional Limit (Hooke’s Law)
  • Young’s Modulus (Modulus of
    Elasticity) – ratio of stress to strain;
    measure of toughness
  • Elastic Limit
  • Resilience
  • Modulus of Resilience
  • Plastic Deformation
  • Yield Point
  • Offset Yield Strength
  • Ultimate Tensile Strength
  • Necking
  • Breaking Strength / Fracture Strength
A

The Engineering Stress-Strain Curve

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15
Q

is the behavior when the load is first applied, the specimen elongates in
proportion to the load. The specimen returns to its original length and shape if the load is removed.

A

Linear elastic

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16
Q

occurs when the yield stress of the material
is reached.

A

Permanent (plastic) deformation

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17
Q

is defined as the ratio of the applied load, P, to the original cross-sectional area, Ao, of the specimen:
𝜎 = P/Ao

A

Engineering Stress (Nominal Stress)

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18
Q

e = (l-lo)/lo

A

Engineering Strain

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19
Q

As the specimen begins to elongate under a continuously increasing load, its cross-sectional area decreases ________ and _____________ throughout its gage length.

A

permanently, uniformly

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20
Q

If the specimen is __________ from a stress level higher than the yield stress, the curve follows a _______________ and _________ to the original slope of the curve.

A

unloaded, straight line downward, parallel

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21
Q

the maximum engineering stress of the material.

A

Tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength (UTS)

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22
Q

If the specimen is loaded beyond its ultimate tensile strength, it begins to ____, or ____ down

A

neck, neck

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23
Q

the engineering stress at fracture

A

Breaking or fracture

24
Q
  • the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic region.
  • the stiffness of the material
    E = 𝜎/e (Hooke’s law)
A

Modulus of Elasticity (E) or Young’s modulus

25
Q

the absolute value of the ratio of the
lateral strain to the longitudinal strain.

v = lateral strain/longitudinal strain

A

Poisson’s Ratio (v)

26
Q

_____ materials show significant elongation before breaking/fracture.

A

Ductile

27
Q

When materials fail with little or no ductility, they are said to be_____

A

Brittle

28
Q

____ is simply the lack of ductility. Strong materials can be ____ and ___ materials can be strong

A

Brittleness, brittle, brittle

29
Q

Also known as _________ – defined as the work per unit volume required to fracture a material.

A

Modulus of toughness

30
Q

Upon continuous application of
a tensile force, a material ______

A

elongates

31
Q

When a material elongates, that
means it reduces in __________

A

cross-sectional area

32
Q

Since S = _____, that means, as the
material reaches its ultimate
and breaking strength, it gets
stronger and stronger.

  • This phenomenon is called
    ________
A

F/A, Strain Hardening

33
Q

The greater the capacity of a material to absorbed energy, the greater is its ___________

A

Damping Capacity

34
Q

Measures the behaviour of a material with respect to a compression load

A

Compression Test

35
Q
  • Assesses the wear resistance, strength of a material, resistance to
    scratching, cutting and drilling of a material.
  • Standard hardness testing tools press a diamond/hardened steeltipped material onto the flat surface of the material being tested.
  • Detailed tables are available for a wide range of materials.
A

Hardness Testing

36
Q

Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Knoop ______ Tests

A

Hardness

37
Q
  • Uses a tungsten carbide or hardened steel ball 10mm in diameter.
  • Measures hardness using the _____ Hardness Number (__HN), which is equal to the load (kg) divided by the surface
    area (mm2) of the spherical indentation.
A

Brinell Harness Test, Brinell

38
Q
  • Uses a hardened steel ball or a
    diamond-tipped cone.
  • Utilizes a minor load and a
    major load.
  • A material is initially indented
    using a minor load.
  • After relaxing the material, the
    material is re-indented again
    using a major load.
  • The hardness is then measured
    using the difference in depth
    between the minor and major
    indentations.
  • Different materials require
    different minor and major load
    settings.
A

Rockwell Test

39
Q
  • Uses a square-based, diamond-tipped pyramid to indent the material.
  • Measures hardness by dividing the applied load (kg) by the indentation
    surface area (mm2).
  • Advantage is that even smaller loads are guaranteed to be measured
    because the surface area is easier to measure. (because of the diagonal of
    the pyramid)
  • Indentation is also easy to hide in the product compared to other tests.
A

Vickers Hardness Test

40
Q
  • For microindentation tests
  • Measures loads ranging from 25 to 3600g. Other common hardness tests only measure loads between 1 to 120Kg.
  • Uses a microscope to measure indentation.
A

Knoop Hardness Test

41
Q
  • Utilizes a diamond tipped hammer and drops it to the flat surface of
    the material.
  • Measures resilience of the material
A

Scleroscope Test

42
Q
  • Files of different roughness are used to evaluate scratch sensitivity of
    the material
A

File Test

43
Q

Subjects the material to a rapidly applied load, or impact.

A

Impact Test

44
Q

Material is loaded horizontally on the tool.

A

Charpy Test

45
Q

Material is loaded vertically on the tool

A

Izod Test

46
Q

There are materials which are _____-sensitive and ____-insensitive.

A

notch, notch

47
Q

For notch-_____ materials, good surface finishing is key to good
performace.

A

sensitive

48
Q

Notch-____ materials may be used for applications requiring rough
surface finishes

A

insensitive

49
Q

From field data, 90% of material failure and breakages result from material _____

A

fatigue

50
Q

The stress below which the material will not break no matter how many cycles it is applied is called the ________ or ________ of the material.

A

endurance limit, endurance strength

51
Q

Fatigue Failures are caused by ________________ (beach marks)

A

successive micro-fractures

52
Q

Temperature affects _____________

A

rate of deformation

53
Q
  • Some materials undergo a transition phase wherein they change from
    ductile to brittle material, vice-versa.
  • Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature (FATT)
A

Ductile-to-brittle transition

54
Q
  • Even if just applied with a constant load, a material can still experience
    continuous elongation, provided that it is exposed to a high temperature.
  • Failure due to this phenomenon is called _____
A

Creep

55
Q
  • ____________ refers to how
    easily or how suitable a
    particular machining process
    is to a particular material.
  • For example, plastics are
    good for extrusion and
    moulding processes, while
    poor in forming processes.
A

Machinability

56
Q
  • The study of how an existing fracture or crack can be
    prevented from spreading and ultimately breaking the
    material.
  • Dormant vs Dynamic Fractures
A

Fracture Mechanics

Term 1 (2023-2024) (18 decks)

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