TCA Cycle Flashcards
How many enzymatic reactions are there in the citric acid cycle
8
Where does the citric acid cycle take place
In the mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvate is broken Pyruvate dehydrogenase to…
NADH + CO2 + AcetylCoA which is then take to the tca cycle
This step not part of glycolysis or tca cycle
Acetyl-CoA joins with oxaloacetate by citrate synthase to form…
Citrate
Citrate is converted by aconitase to…
Isocitrate
Isocitrate is broken down by Isocitrate dehydrogenase to…
α-ketoglutarate + NADH + CO2
High levels of ATP and NADH can inhibit Isocitrate dehydrogenase as it is telling it to slow down as it already has high levels of energy, conversely ADP upregulates this enzyme signalling to speed.
High Ca2+ also upregulates Isocitrate dehydrogenase as it shows work is being done by muscle contraction.
iscocitrate dehydrogenase is the rate limiting step for the tca cycle
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase converts α-ketoglutarate into…
Succinylcholine CoA + NADH + CO2
Succinyl-CoA is broken by succinylcholine-CoA Synthetase to make…
Succinate and GTP
Succinate is broken by Succinate dehydrogenase into…
Fumerate + FADH2
Hydration of fumerate using fumerate into…
L-malate + NADH
Dehydrogenation of L-Malate by L-malate dehydrogenase into…
Oxaloacetate which enters next TCA cycle and froms citrate with use of ATP and Pyruvate carboxylase
+ NADH is also formed
Input + output of TCA cycle
What is gluconeogenesis
Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors e.g lactate, amino acids, fatty acids
Takes place in liver and cortex of kidneys
Pyruvate is turned to glucose
Which amino acids are ketogenic and so do not convert to glucose
Leucine and lysine
Lactate is converted to glucose by which cycle
The cori cycle
