Topic 9-11 Drugs

Question 1

Naltrexone (Vivitrol)

Answer 1

Action: Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that reduces the effects of alcohol and helps in opioid withdrawal. It blocks the effects of other narcotic medicines and alcohol.

Indications: It’s used for alcohol or narcotic addiction treatment.

Warnings:
-Not to be used if allergic.
-Avoid in pregnancy.
-Contraindicated in narcotic addiction.
-Not for recent drug or alcohol users (last 7-10 days).
-Avoid if experiencing withdrawal symptoms.
-Renal or hepatic impairment and bleeding disorders like hemophilia need caution.

Side Effects:
-Common: Anxiety, restlessness, irritability, lightheadedness, increased thirst, muscle/joint aches, insomnia, decreased libido.
-Serious: Blurred vision, eye problems, fast heart rate, mood changes, nausea, stomach pain, low fever, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice, tinnitus, itching, wheezing.

Important Notes:
-Avoid alcohol and narcotics.
-Avoid substances containing alcohol (like some mouthwashes, cough syrups).

Interventions:
-Assess for opioid dependence history.
-Be cautious of concurrent use with opiates due to overdose risk.
-Symptoms of overdose include nausea, stomach pain, dizziness, seizure.
-Take orally as prescribed, with water and food to lessen stomach upset.
-Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.

Education:
-Carry identification stating you’re on naltrexone.
-Inform other healthcare providers about naltrexone use.
-Monthly injections may be recommended for adherence.
-Take missed doses as soon as remembered, but skip if it’s near the time for the next dose. Don’t double up doses.

Evaluation:
-Success measured by abstinence from alcohol/opioids and regular participation in self-help groups (AA, NA).