Chapter 11 - Respiratory

Question 1

Pneumonia

Answer 1

• Inflammation of the tissue in the lungs that can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection, inhalation of foreign substances, or aspiration.
• Antibiotics
• Positioning to prevent aspiration

Question 2

COPD

Answer 2

• Caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive bronchiolitis, and emphysema.
• 2nd most prevalent cause of disability in adults younger than 65 (after heart disease)

Question 3

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 3

• Productive cough lasting for at least 3 months out of the year for 2 consecutive years.
• Inflammation and scarring of the bronchial lining, swollen mucous membranes, and thick sputum obstruct airways.
• Cough is worse in morning and evening.

Question 4

Emphysema

Answer 4

• Loss of elasticity and enlargement of the alveoli.
• Barrel chest: air gets trapped inside lungs
• Breathes with accessory muscles: leans forward, arms braced on knees.

Question 5

Asthma

Answer 5

• Inflammation and increased smooth muscle reaction of the airways.
• Bronchospasm
• Most common chronic disease in adults and children
• Often occurs for the 1st time before age 5.
• Long term use of corticosteroids can cause osteoporosis/penia.

Question 6

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 6

• Chronic inflammation or injury of lung tissue leads to scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs.
• Lung lobes shrink and stiffen
• Difficult for lungs to expand, contract, or absorb oxygen.
• Poor prognosis; less than 4 years.

Question 7

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 7

• Thick, sticky, salty mucus
• Epithelial cells take in too much sodium and chloride
• Autosomal recessive trait: both parents have to be carriers.

Question 8

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 8

• Excess fluid in lungs leaks into alveoli or interstitial tissues and blocks gas exchange.
• Mostly caused by cardiac conditions
• High Fowler’s position with legs dangling over side of table to help respiration and increase venous return.

Question 9

Pulmonary Embolism and Infarction

Answer 9

• Blood clot in pulmonary artery blocks blood flow to the lungs.
• Commonly caused by a dislodged DVT.

Question 10

Cor Pulmonale

Answer 10

• Enlargement of the right venticle due to pulmonary hypertension.
• “Pulmonary heart disease”
• Symptoms occur with exercise
• Once congestive signs appear, prognosis is 2-5 years.

Question 11

Pneumothorax

Answer 11

• Accumulation of air in in the pleural cavity caused by a detect in the visceral pleura or chest wall on the affected side.
• Hole in lung or hole in chest.
• Be careful when moving someone with rib Fx.