Charles I Flashcards
How long was Charles’s reign?
1625 - 1649
What was Charles’s childhood like?
• Overshadowed by his brother
• He was sick
• Lonley
• He had a temper
• Not much time in court
When did Herny die?
1612
Charles was pushed into the spotlight and was unprepared
Charles and divine rights
• He was very passionate
• He thought power had been given to his family by God
Charles and religion early reign
• He wanted to increase dominance of the Church of England
• Promoted many Armenian Bishops
• Less interested in religious balance
Charles’s aims for his reign:
• Restor order in the court
• Stabilise power of Monarchy
• Adress financial issues
• Order in society
What was Charles’s personality like?
• Authoritarian
• Self confident
• Saw compromise as a weakness
What did he see parliment as 🖍
A rubber stamp
He only wanted them to do as he asked
When was Charles’s first parliment
1625
What did Charles want from his first parliament? 🇪🇸 💰
Money to fund his war with Spain
He was only given 2 subsidies
What moved Charles’s 1st parliment to Oxford?
Plauge
Why was parliment uneasy about catholics?
Henrietta Maria was a Catholic and brought preists with her from France
Why did parliment attack Buckingham?
• They felt he had to much influence
• He was unsuitable for his position
• They accused him of high treason for poisoning James and attempting to convert Charles to Catholisism
What position did Buckingham recive? ⛵️
Lord Admiral of the Navy
Even though he gets sea sick
When was Charles’s 2nd parliment?
1626
When was Buckingham’s York House conference?
1626
When was the Cadiz expedition? ⛵️🇪🇸
1625
Why did the Cadiz expedition fail? ⛵️🇪🇸❌️
• Not enough supplies
• They got drunk
• They saw the Spanish and refused to fight
• They mutanied
• Got on the boat and asked to go home
• By the time they got to Plymouth they just dropped dead in the streets
What did Charles do to control patliment?
- Appoint trusted sherifs to oversee elections
- Failed and allowed for Extremist mps to get power
- thepeople he chose couldnt be chosen in elections :(
Why was the second parliment dissolved 1626?
For their accusations of Buckingham
What happened at La Rochelle? 🪜
- Ladders were to short to scale the walls of the French fortress
- 5000/8000 men died 1/3
- Poor planning again
- Buckingham blamed for the faliure
Why did Charles attack La Rochelle 1627?
War with France and Spain
The French were attacking English cargo ships
What year did Spain and France sign the peace alliance?
1627
In 1626 what did Charles to to raise money?
• Asked JP’s to collect ‘gifts’ £20,000 raised
• Forced loans £240,000 raised
Why were people against billeting soldiers?
• Government wasn’t paying them
•Charles claimed it was their responsibility to feed his troops
What was the Five Knights case?
A trail against the king passing laws without Parliament and imprisoning people without trail
The judge ruled in favour of Charles
When was Charles’s 3rd parliment?
1628 - 1629
Who did Charles send to speak to the third parliment? 🥤
John Coke
Because he felt parliment was irritated by him
What was the petition of right?
1628
Outlined the Kings perogative
Forwarded by John Eliot
He was offered 5 subsidies to sign it
What we’re the rules of the petition of right 1628?
No tax without parliment
No imprisonment without trail
No forced loans
No forced billeting
No martial laws
When was Buckingham killed?
August 1628 by John Felton who wasn’t happy about not being paid for La Rochelle
In a pub
Private funeral at night
How many children did Charles have?
8
5 survived
When was the Black Rod Hammering?
1629
Who led the black rod hammering?
John Eliot
What happened at the black rod hammering?
John Finch was forced to make three resolutions
Anyone who took part in Popish Armenian practices, paid customs duties, collected customs duties was an enemy of the kingdom
Why was the third parliment dissolved?
John Eliot and the black rod hammering
How much debt was Charles in by 1629?
£2 million
£1 million left by his father
When did Charles make peace with France and spain 🇫🇷 🇪🇸
1629 - Treaty of Susa
1630 - Treaty of Madrid
This saved money. However, he was no longer supporting the Protestant cause
When did Charles update the book of rates? 💰📖
1635
Increased his income by £425,000
It was seen as an illegal tax as it was not passed by parliment
Charles and recusants, personal rule
Without parliament, he made more of an effort to collect recusants, which further alienated the catholics
Catholic Soap Monopolies 🧼
• He gave monopolies of soap to a group of catholics
• They claimed it cleaned whiter than any other
• People saw it as him trying to get around the law
• It increased the price of soap and caused religious tensions
Knighted land 🛡🗡🤺
• Any land worth over £40 could only be owned by a Knight
• If you weren’t then there would be a fine
• The was a fee to be knighted
Outdted maps 📜🗺
• Charles used outdated maps to fine people who had built on crown lands
• This annoyed landowners, especially since there was a growing population
• It didn’t raise as much money as expected
Ship Money 1637 💰 ⛵️
• A tax in costal areas to build ships and keep trade secure
• It was extended in land to landlocked places
• It was seen as unfair and unwarranted
• 1635 - 36 98% of expected revenue was collected
• 1639 20% was collected
• John Hampden was put on trial
• 7 ruled for the king, 5 against
• People started to question the tax
Charles’s financial problems 💰
• William Juxon was unimaginative administrator
• Had to pawn crown jewels
• Caused a creditor to go banckrupt
• He liked artwork and spent £18,000 on a collection
• Had 5 children to maintain
• Funded his sister Elizabeth and her son
Charles’s financial success 🙌
- Stopped selling crown lands
- Decreased debts to £1million
- Made investigations into missing money
- Parliment was worried he was doing to good without him
What denomination did Charles support?
The Armenians
Who did Charles promote to Archbishop of Canterbury 1633?
William Laud
The highest position in the church