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Stuart History 1603 - 1714 > Charles I > Flashcards

Charles I Flashcards

1
Q

How long was Charles’s reign?

A

1625 - 1649

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2
Q

What was Charles’s childhood like?

A

• Overshadowed by his brother
• He was sick
• Lonley
• He had a temper
• Not much time in court

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3
Q

When did Herny die?

A

1612
Charles was pushed into the spotlight and was unprepared

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4
Q

Charles and divine rights

A

• He was very passionate
• He thought power had been given to his family by God

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5
Q

Charles and religion early reign

A

• He wanted to increase dominance of the Church of England
• Promoted many Armenian Bishops
• Less interested in religious balance

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6
Q

Charles’s aims for his reign:

A

• Restor order in the court
• Stabilise power of Monarchy
• Adress financial issues
• Order in society

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7
Q

What was Charles’s personality like?

A

• Authoritarian
• Self confident
• Saw compromise as a weakness

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8
Q

What did he see parliment as 🖍

A

A rubber stamp
He only wanted them to do as he asked

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9
Q

When was Charles’s first parliment

A

1625

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10
Q

What did Charles want from his first parliament? 🇪🇸 💰

A

Money to fund his war with Spain
He was only given 2 subsidies

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11
Q

What moved Charles’s 1st parliment to Oxford?

A

Plauge

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12
Q

Why was parliment uneasy about catholics?

A

Henrietta Maria was a Catholic and brought preists with her from France

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13
Q

Why did parliment attack Buckingham?

A

• They felt he had to much influence
• He was unsuitable for his position
• They accused him of high treason for poisoning James and attempting to convert Charles to Catholisism

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14
Q

What position did Buckingham recive? ⛵️

A

Lord Admiral of the Navy
Even though he gets sea sick

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15
Q

When was Charles’s 2nd parliment?

A

1626

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16
Q

When was Buckingham’s York House conference?

A

1626

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17
Q

When was the Cadiz expedition? ⛵️🇪🇸

A

1625

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18
Q

Why did the Cadiz expedition fail? ⛵️🇪🇸❌️

A

• Not enough supplies
• They got drunk
• They saw the Spanish and refused to fight
• They mutanied
• Got on the boat and asked to go home
• By the time they got to Plymouth they just dropped dead in the streets

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19
Q

What did Charles do to control patliment?

A
  • Appoint trusted sherifs to oversee elections
  • Failed and allowed for Extremist mps to get power
  • thepeople he chose couldnt be chosen in elections :(
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20
Q

Why was the second parliment dissolved 1626?

A

For their accusations of Buckingham

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21
Q

What happened at La Rochelle? 🪜

A
  • Ladders were to short to scale the walls of the French fortress
  • 5000/8000 men died 1/3
  • Poor planning again
  • Buckingham blamed for the faliure
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22
Q

Why did Charles attack La Rochelle 1627?

A

War with France and Spain
The French were attacking English cargo ships

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23
Q

What year did Spain and France sign the peace alliance?

A

1627

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24
Q

In 1626 what did Charles to to raise money?

A

• Asked JP’s to collect ‘gifts’ £20,000 raised
• Forced loans £240,000 raised

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25
Q

Why were people against billeting soldiers?

A

• Government wasn’t paying them
•Charles claimed it was their responsibility to feed his troops

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26
Q

What was the Five Knights case?

A

A trail against the king passing laws without Parliament and imprisoning people without trail
The judge ruled in favour of Charles

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27
Q

When was Charles’s 3rd parliment?

A

1628 - 1629

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28
Q

Who did Charles send to speak to the third parliment? 🥤

A

John Coke
Because he felt parliment was irritated by him

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29
Q

What was the petition of right?

A

1628
Outlined the Kings perogative
Forwarded by John Eliot
He was offered 5 subsidies to sign it

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30
Q

What we’re the rules of the petition of right 1628?

A

No tax without parliment
No imprisonment without trail
No forced loans
No forced billeting
No martial laws

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31
Q

When was Buckingham killed?

A

August 1628 by John Felton who wasn’t happy about not being paid for La Rochelle
In a pub
Private funeral at night

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32
Q

How many children did Charles have?

A

8
5 survived

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33
Q

When was the Black Rod Hammering?

A

1629

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34
Q

Who led the black rod hammering?

A

John Eliot

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35
Q

What happened at the black rod hammering?

A

John Finch was forced to make three resolutions
Anyone who took part in Popish Armenian practices, paid customs duties, collected customs duties was an enemy of the kingdom

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36
Q

Why was the third parliment dissolved?

A

John Eliot and the black rod hammering

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37
Q

How much debt was Charles in by 1629?

A

£2 million
£1 million left by his father

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38
Q

When did Charles make peace with France and spain 🇫🇷 🇪🇸

A

1629 - Treaty of Susa
1630 - Treaty of Madrid
This saved money. However, he was no longer supporting the Protestant cause

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39
Q

When did Charles update the book of rates? 💰📖

A

1635
Increased his income by £425,000
It was seen as an illegal tax as it was not passed by parliment

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40
Q

Charles and recusants, personal rule

A

Without parliament, he made more of an effort to collect recusants, which further alienated the catholics

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41
Q

Catholic Soap Monopolies 🧼

A

• He gave monopolies of soap to a group of catholics
• They claimed it cleaned whiter than any other
• People saw it as him trying to get around the law
• It increased the price of soap and caused religious tensions

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42
Q

Knighted land 🛡🗡🤺

A

• Any land worth over £40 could only be owned by a Knight
• If you weren’t then there would be a fine
• The was a fee to be knighted

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43
Q

Outdted maps 📜🗺

A

• Charles used outdated maps to fine people who had built on crown lands
• This annoyed landowners, especially since there was a growing population
• It didn’t raise as much money as expected

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44
Q

Ship Money 1637 💰 ⛵️

A

• A tax in costal areas to build ships and keep trade secure
• It was extended in land to landlocked places
• It was seen as unfair and unwarranted
• 1635 - 36 98% of expected revenue was collected
• 1639 20% was collected
• John Hampden was put on trial
• 7 ruled for the king, 5 against
• People started to question the tax

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45
Q

Charles’s financial problems 💰

A

• William Juxon was unimaginative administrator
• Had to pawn crown jewels
• Caused a creditor to go banckrupt
• He liked artwork and spent £18,000 on a collection
• Had 5 children to maintain
• Funded his sister Elizabeth and her son

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46
Q

Charles’s financial success 🙌

A
  • Stopped selling crown lands
  • Decreased debts to £1million
  • Made investigations into missing money
  • Parliment was worried he was doing to good without him
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47
Q

What denomination did Charles support?

A

The Armenians

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48
Q

Who did Charles promote to Archbishop of Canterbury 1633?

A

William Laud
The highest position in the church

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49
Q

Who had James warned Charles about?

A

William Laud who he promoted to Archbishop of Canterbury

50
Q

What we’re William Laud’s aims

A

Uniformity, Aperance, Influence, Puritans

51
Q

How did William Laud aim to create uniformity?

A

Services to follow the Book of Prayer
39 articles and cannons to be observed
Bow in the name of Jesus
Clergy to wear the surplice
Alters moved to the east of the church
He sent comissioners around the country to make sure everyone followed
People were annoyed as family pews used for generations were moved
The changes seemed popish

52
Q

What we’re William Lauds changes to Apperance?

A

Improve the appearance of the church
Stain glass windows, more candles and music
‘Beauty of holiness’
Made people pay for the repairs of St Paul’s cathedral
Complaints it was to popish

53
Q

What was William Laud’s atttertudes to Puritans?

A

Wanted them eradicated
Banned their books and pamphlets
No one to preach their views
Couldn’t be parish ministers
Used the high court of commissions to punish them
Cutting of Alexander Leightons ear for speaking out

54
Q

How did William Laud increase church influence?

A

He wanted to increase the influence in church and restor the wealth of the clergy
Made the Bishop of London Lord treasurer
Used high court of commissions to decipline moral crimes
Upper class didn’t like this as he was seen a social inferior and used lower class punishments
He caused reputable families to be humiliated

55
Q

What was the Book of Orders 1630?

A

A book of instructions for JP,s
Showed Charles cared about his people
They had to maintain roads
Give aprenterships
Help people during poor harvest

56
Q

How many puritans left to America?

A

16,000 by 1639

57
Q

what was the name of Charles’s first parliment

A

the plauged parliment

58
Q

what were the years of his first 3 parliments

A
  1. 1625 - 26,
  2. 1626 - 27
  3. 1628 - 29
    1st two ended because of Buckingham, 2nd because of black rod hammering
59
Q

What was Thomas Wentworths first title?

A

Lord Presidant of the council of the North

60
Q

What was Thomas Wentworth’s policy?

A

The Thorough policy

61
Q

What was the thorough policy?

A

• A policy by Thomas Wentworth to make the North more organised and properly managed
• More efficient like London
• JP’s and Sherifs to report back to the privy council

62
Q

In 1633 what position was Thomas Wentworth given?

A

Lord Deputy of Ireland

63
Q

What we’re Wentworth’s aims in Ireland?

A

Impose English authority
Establish the English church
Make a profit of crown lands

64
Q

Why were their religious tensions in Ireland?

A

Catholic native Irish and old English
Protestant new English
Presbyterian Scottish

65
Q

What did Wentworth do to Irish landowners?

A

If they couldn’t present the deeds to their lands then they would be claimed as crown lands
This annoyed them as land had been in families for generations

66
Q

What did the book of rates do in Ireland?

A

Double income from customs

67
Q

Why did Wentworth fine London?

A

They failed to fund development in londonderry

68
Q

What happened when Wentworth called the Irish parliament in 1634?

A

He was offered six subsidies
In exchange, he would investigate their grevences, which he never did

69
Q

Why did the Scottish feel they weren’t a priority?

A

It took nine years for Charles to visit after being crowned

70
Q

How did Charles go against Scottish tradition?

A

Was crowned in Holyrood palace, not Scone of Sterling
Had a more English ceremony

71
Q

In 1625 what was the Scottish Act of Revocation?

A

To take back land from nobels to give to the church
This was so disliked that in 1627 a council had to be set up to oversee the process
The council was made up of the people he was taking the land from

72
Q

What was the 1629 Article of Perth?

A

Communion should be taken kneeling
First introduced by James in 1618

73
Q

What year did Charles visit Scottland?

A

1633

74
Q

What was the Scottish reaction to the new prayer book?

A

Jenny Geddes threw a stool that caused riots
The riots got out of control
Bishops started shooting pistols
Charles blamed the council

75
Q

Who led the first Scottish army?

A

Alexander Leslie, an experienced soldier

76
Q

When was the first bishops war?

A

June 1639

77
Q

Who were the Covenanters?

A

The people who signed the national covenant against Charles

78
Q

What is Episcopacy?

A

Wanting the rule of bishops banned

79
Q

Why was Charles forced to end personal rule in 1637?

A

The first bishops war
He needed money for an army

80
Q

Why did Charles army do bad in 1637?

A

Underestimated the Scottish who historicaly hadn’t done well
Unprepared
Underpaid
They would rather be fighting the Spanish

81
Q

Where did Charles meet the Scottish army 1637?

A

Kelso

82
Q

What was the result of the first bishops war?

A

A truce
Agreed to call an assembly
Both sides didn’t trust each other and didn’t disband their armies
They wanted more time to strengthen their armies

83
Q

When was the short parliament called?

A

April 1640 it lasted 3 weeks

84
Q

What was the short parliament called for?

A

Charles needed money to support his army against the Scottish. He requested 12 subsadies but non were given

85
Q

What were John Pym’s 36 complaints?

A

A list of parliaments complaints presented to the king
Most important were impositions and ship money

86
Q

How did Charles respond to the 36 complaints

A

He gave up ship money
Lawyers argued that this proved it was an illegal tax otherwise he wouldn’t have given it up

87
Q

Why were the Bishops kept in session 1640?

A

After Charles dissolved the short parliament he asked the Bishops to stay in session and produced 17 new cannons
Placement of the altar and the et cetera oath

88
Q

What was the et cetera oath 1640?

A

An oath to outline any oppersition
They had to swear to uphold the government and church by bishops, archbishops and deacons as it now stands established
it failed as so many people ignored it

89
Q

What was the Twelve critics petition?

A

Twelve of his critics came forward with a petition saying his religious changes were to popish and he should recall parliament, which he did.

90
Q

When was the long parliament?

A

November 1640
It outlived Charles

91
Q

What was the long Parliament?

A

A new parliament united in its ideas for reform

92
Q

What was the Triennial Act Febuary 1641?

A

It stated that parliament must be called every 3 years for at least 50 days
this limited the king’s perogative to dismiss parliament as he wished

93
Q

How did William Laud die?

A

Arrested and held in the Tower of London

94
Q

What happened to Thomas Wentworth?

A

Put on trial for plotting to give the king control of the Irish army.
No evidance was found
He was accused of a tyrannical rule, subverting the law and provoking war with Scotland
Pym put forward an Act of Attainder so that he could be exicuted without trial only the king could sign
He did out of fear for his family

95
Q

What year was the Triennial Act passed?

A

1641

96
Q

What Year was Pym’s 10 Propersitions

A

1641

97
Q

What year did Charles make peace with Scottland?

A

1641

98
Q

What year was the Irish rebellion?

A

1641

99
Q

What year was the Grand Remonstrance?

A

1641

100
Q

What year did Civil War break out?

A

August 1642

101
Q

What year did Charles try to arrest the 5 MP’s

A

1642

102
Q

What year was the Militia Ordenance passed?

A

1642

103
Q

What year was the Battle of Edgehill?

A

1642

104
Q

What caused the Irish Rebellion?

A

When Catholic English and Irish thought they were trying to remove the Catholic faith so attacked protestants

105
Q

What did Pym argue about the Irish Rebellion?

A

That it was proof of a popish plot

106
Q

What did Irish rebels claim Charles had done?

A

Sent a commission authorising the attack which many people believed

107
Q

What was parliaments response to the Irish Rebellion?

A

Wouldn’t allow Charles to have control of the army

108
Q

What was the Grand Remonstrance?

A

Pym’s attempt to make a case against Charles having control of the army
He tried to find evidence against the king that can from grievances in 1626
They tried to remove charles’ right to choose his own advisors

109
Q

What did Charles complain about in the Grand Remonstrance?

A

That he had the right to chose his own advisors
They were asking what no other king had been asked to do
He thought that if he accepted then they would introduce more reforms

110
Q

What was Henrietta Maria accused of in 1641?

A

A popish plot

111
Q

What position did Charles offer Pym?

A

Chancellor of the exchequer

112
Q

What we’re the five MP’s charged with?

A

Treason and encouraging Scotland to invade

113
Q

How did Charles violate parliamentary privileges?

A

By trying to arrest MP’s in the House of Commons and bringing 400 armed men

114
Q

How did the 5 MP’s escape?

A

They were warned in advance and fled to the city

115
Q

What bills did parliament first pass 1642?

A

Removed Bishops
Irish troops to be led by parliamentary officials
Militia Ordenance
Sargent put in charge of reserved troops in London

116
Q

What was the Militia Ordenance 1642?

A

It took the Kings authority to command the army

117
Q

When we’re the 19 Propersitions?

A

1642

118
Q

What were the 19 Propersitions?

A

That parliament should appoint privy councillors
Pardon the 5 MP’s
Parliament to supervise the upbringing of the children

119
Q

What did Charles argue against the 19 Propersitions?

A

That it subverted the laws

120
Q

How did Charles gain an army 1642?

A

He used his perogative to commission an army
He gained 10,000 men

121
Q

Why were moderates against the Grand Remonstrance?

A

Because it brought up old complaints
The house of Lords had not agreed
It was more for the people then the king

122
Q

How did Pym gain more support?

A

Elections
He gained the majority
He could organise mobs

Stuart History 1603 - 1714 (8 decks)

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