atomic theory Flashcards
What was Daltons theory?
- Each element is composed of tiny, indestructible
particles called atoms. - All atoms of a given element have the same mass and
other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of
other elements. - Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form
compounds.
What was Rutherfords theory?
Most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge are
contained in a small core called the nucleus.
2.
Most of the volume of the atom is empty space through which
the tiny, negatively charged electrons are dispersed.
3.
The number of negatively charged electrons outside the
nucleus is equal to the number of positively charged particles
(protons) inside the nucleus, so that the atom is electrically
neutral.
Thomsons theory
Electrons are negatively
charged.
Electrons are much smaller and
lighter than atoms.
Electrons are uniformly present
in many different kinds of
substances.
He proposed that atoms must
contain positive charge that
balances the negative charge of
electrons.
what is mass spectrometry?
A way we can separate atoms, isotopes, and even fragments of molecules based on their mass
What is isotopes
same element but different mass based on the # of neutrons it has
What are the three parts of the mass spectrometer
Ionizer, mass analyzer, detector
What are periods?
Rows on periodic tables
Groups?
Columns/ families
alkali metals
first column of the periodic table
alkaline earth metals
basic/ opposite of acidic
halogens
group 7A elements and are the most reactive elements. They bond to themselves
Noble gases
They do not react with other elements and are group 8A
representative elements
“A - group elements” they are the most abundant and do what they are supposed to do
transition elements
“B- group elements” you need to pass through these elements to get from one a group to another
lanthanoids
top row of bottom of periodic table and are rare earth elements
