Helping

Question 1

Altruism

Answer 1

a motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for one’s self-interest

Question 2

Social-exchange theory

Answer 2

the theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs

Question 3

Egoism

Answer 3

a motive (supposedly underlying one’s own welfare)

Question 4

Reciprocity norm

Answer 4

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Question 5

Social capital

Answer 5

the mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network

Question 6

Social-responsibility norm

Answer 6

an expectation that people will help those needing help

Question 7

Kin protection

Answer 7

the idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes

Question 8

Empathy

Answer 8

the vicarious experience of another’s feelings; putting oneself in another’s shoes

Question 9

Bystander effect

Answer 9

the finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders

Question 10

Door-in-the-face technique

Answer 10

a strategy for gaining a concession. After someone first turns down a large request (the door-in-theface), the same requester counteroffers with a more reasonable request.