Skeletal System Test

Question 1

Primary function of skeletal system

Answer 1

-Supports the body
-Protects soft organs
-movement
-storage of minerals
-blood cell formation

Question 2

Parts of the skeletal system

Answer 2

-bones
-joints
-cartilages
-ligaments

Question 3

Long Bone

Answer 3

A classification of bone where it is typically longer than wide, has a shaft with heads at both ends, and contains mostly compact bone
(ex: Femur, Humerus)

Question 4

Short Bones

Answer 4

A type of bone classification which are generally cube-shaped, and contains mostly spongy bone
(ex: Carpals, tarsals)

Question 5

Sesamoid bones

Answer 5

Type of bone classification where it forms within tendons
(ex: Patella, or kneecap)

Question 6

Flat bones

Answer 6

Type of bone classification that is thin and flattened, usually curved, and has thing layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
(ex: skull, ribs, sternum)

Question 7

Irregular bone

Answer 7

Type of bone classification where the bone is irregularly shaped and does not fit into another bone classification category
(ex: Vertebrae and hip)

Question 8

Compact bones

Answer 8

A dense, solid, outer layer

Question 9

Spongy bones

Answer 9

the soft, flat, inner layer of a bone
-a honeycomb of flat, needle-like projection called: trabeculae

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

Mature bone cells
-osteoblasts that have become trapped by the secretion of matrix
-no longer secret matrix
-responsible for maintaining the bone tissue

Question 11

Osteoblasts

Answer 11

bone-building cells
-synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components of bone matrix
-Initiate the process of calcification
-found in both the periosteum and the endosteum

Question 12

Osteoclasts

Answer 12

huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes(a type of white blood cell)
-cells that digest bone matrix(bone resorption/ destory bone cells)
part of normal bone growth, development, maintenance, and repair.

Question 13

Hormones involved in calcium homeostasis

Answer 13

-growth hormones
-sex hormones
-PTH
-Calcitonin

Question 14

Steps to repair a fracture

Answer 14

1) Hematoma is formed due to broken blood cells
2)Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
3)Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus made of spongy bone
4)Bony Callus is remolded to form a permanent patch

Question 15

Components of the axial skeleton

Answer 15

Skull, vertebral column, bony thorax
(forms longitudinal/ vertical part of the body)

Question 16

Components of Appendicular skeleton

Answer 16

126 bones
limbs
pectoral girdle
pelvic girdle

Question 17

Diaphysis

Answer 17

Shaft-length
Composed of compact bones

Question 18

Epiphysis

Answer 18

Ends of the bone
composed of mostly spongy bones

Question 19

Periosteum

Answer 19

Outside covering of the diaphysis
fibrous connective tissue membrane

Question 20

Arteries

Answer 20

Supply bone cells with nutrients

Question 21

Sharpey’s Fiber

Answer 21

Secure bone cell with nutrient

Question 22

Articular Cartilage

Answer 22

Covers the external surface of the epiphysis
made of hyaline cartilage
Decrease friction at joint surfaces

Question 23

Medullary Cavity

Answer 23

Cavity of the shaft(long bone)
Contains yellow marrow(in adults)
Contains red marrow(In infants)

Question 24

Osteon

Answer 24

A unit of bone that consists of a single central canal

Question 25

Central(Haversian Canal

Answer 25

Opening in the center of an osteon that allows passage of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers

Question 26

Lamella

Answer 26

The concentric matrix “tube” that surrounds a haversian canal

Question 27

Perforating (Volkmann’s canal)

Answer 27

Canal that is perpendicular to the central canal
Carries blood vessels and nerves

Question 28

Difference between ligaments and tendos

Answer 28

Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to bones and serve to hold structures together, while tendons are fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bone or other body structures.