Science 2 Flashcards
What are the main components of the human circulatory system?
The human circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood.
Describe the basic structure of a cell.
A typical cell has a nucleus (containing DNA), cytoplasm (a jelly-like substance), and is surrounded by a cell membrane. It may also have other organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes.
What is an atom’s nucleus composed of?
An atom’s nucleus is composed of protons, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which have no charge.
How does the human digestive system work?
The human digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, which are absorbed into the bloodstream. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and other accessory organs like the liver and pancreas.
What is a chemical equation and how is it balanced?
A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction, showing the reactants and products. It is balanced when the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
Explain the concept of inertia.
Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its velocity, including changes to the object’s speed or direction of motion.
What are the primary types of rock in the rock cycle?
The primary types of rock in the rock cycle are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
Define osmosis.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
How does a sound wave travel?
Sound travels in waves through mediums such as air, water, and solids. These waves are created by vibrating objects and are detected by our ears.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. A mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are not chemically bonded.
Explain the process of nuclear fusion.
Nuclear fusion is the process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
What causes a solar eclipse?
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking all or part of the Sun’s light.
How do vaccines stimulate the immune system?
Vaccines stimulate the immune system by mimicking an infection. This “fake” infection does not cause illness, but it does prompt the immune system to produce T-lymphocytes and antibodies.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.
Define kinetic and potential energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. Potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects.
