SECTION 6 - INTRO TO ORGANIC CHEM

Question 1

Organic compounds

Answer 1

Primarily composed of carbons

Question 2

How many bonds does a neutral carbon atom form

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Compounds made of entirely carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

Organic chemistry structures (4)

Answer 4

• Line structure (each bend = carbon)
• Hydrogen bonded to carbon is not drawn in neutral compounds
• Every non C H bond is drawn. If H bonded to a non C then it is drawn
• Octet rule for halogens, duet rule for H

Question 5

Alkanes

Answer 5

Contain only carbon and hydrogen (no double/triple bond)

Question 6

Base names of carbon chain alkanes

Answer 6

1. Methane: 1C atom
2. Ethane: 2C atom
3. Propane: 3C atom
4. Butane: 4C atom
5. Pentane: 5C atom
6. Hexane: 6C atom
7. Heptane: 7C atom
8. Octane: 8C atom
9. Nonane: 9C atom
   10: Decane: 10C atom

Question 7

Primary carbons

Answer 7

Bond to one other carbon

Question 8

Secondary carbon

Answer 8

Bond to two other carbon

Question 9

Tertiary carbon

Answer 9

Bond to three other carbons

Question 10

Quartenary carbon

Answer 10

Bond to four other carbons

Question 11

Rules for naming alkanes (3)

Answer 11

• Always go with lower substituent when naming
• When 2 or more identical substitutents are present, use prefix di, tri etc
• Substituent name should be alphabetical order if more than 1

Question 12

Alkane naming format

Answer 12

Substituent # - (substituent name)(base name)